Cuprous chloride (CuCl) is extensively used as a catalyst in organic synthesis, and as a desulfurising, decolourising and deodorising agent in the petroleum industry. The traditional synthesis of CuCl nanocrystal powders, which has already caused a big problem in the environment, was via reducing copper(II) by using different additives and a quantity of concentrated acid. In this paper, we report an ecologically and environmental friendly route to prepare nanocrystalline CuCl powders, simply by using the CuCl2 and copper powders in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) at room temperature. The obtained CuCl nanocrystals were characterised by XRD, SEM and XPS techniques, and a possible formation mechanism was also proposed.
A straightforward synthetic strategy to an anionic gemini surfactant having both N‐acylamide and carboxylate groups in a molecule has been demonstrated. The surface properties of the anionic gemini surfactant, such as CMC (critical micelle concentration), C20 (the concentration required to reduce the surface tension of the solvent by 20 mN/m), γCMC (the surface tension at the CMC), ∏CMC (the surface pressure at the CMC), Γmax (the maximum surface excess concentration at the air/aqueous solution interface), Amin (the minimum area per surfactant molecule at the air/water interface), and the CMC/C20 ratio (a measure of the tendency to form micelles relative to adsorbtion at the air/water interface), have been studied. The influence of the different concentrations of NaCl on the surface properties of the gemini surfactant has been discussed. The results have shown that the CMC values decreased with an increase in the concentration of NaCl indicating that the Na+ preferentially adsorbs onto the surface of the charged aggregate and facilitates the aggregate growth by suppressing the main impediment of electrostatic repulsion among head groups. Additionally, the values of Γmax are always higher in salt solutions as compared to those in pure water due to their salting out effect. The larger pC20 value indicates that the surfactant adsorbs more efficiently at the air/water interface and reduces surface tension more efficiently. In addition, the geminis in water show little or no break in their specific conductance versus surfactant molar concentration plots. This is attributable to protonation of the carboxylate group and strong Na+ release during micellization.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.