The purposes of this study were to obtain descriptive information about the job duties and tasks of Japanese occupational health nurses and to compare the roles and functions of occupational health nurses in the United States and Japan. A modified version of a job analysis survey developed by the American Board for Occupational Health Nurses was used to collect data. The findings indicated 62% of Japanese occupational health nurses perform direct care roles, approximately half perform educating or advising and consulting roles, and approximately 40% perform management roles. Details related to specific tasks and differences in nurses with varying preparation also are presented.
The purpose of our study was to investigate the social support network for working mothers, including physical, emotional and informational sources, and to discuss strategies to reduce stress caused by their multiple role strain. We asked 18 participants to fill in a questionnaire and conducted semi-constructed interviews. The results of this study showed that more than half of the working mothers want to continue their career because of self growth and the rewards from their job. Many mothers responded that a sympathetic understanding by their husbands, families and people at workplaces is essential to create a balance between their career and housework. As a result, their husbands mainly provide physical support in housekeeping and child caring, whereas their mothers provide physical and emotional support from knowledge based upon their own experience. Almost all working mothers complained of a shortage of nurseries and child caring facilities as well as limited availability of flexible services. In conclusion, the results of our study suggested that the identity of the traditional gender role needs to be changed to a contemporary one, like a husband fully participating in his child's rearing activities by reconsidering his working hours. Moreover, community services to support working mothers should be increased.
A 72-year-old man admitted for sigmoid colon cancer underwent long intestinal tube placement. On day 13 after insertion of the tube, the patient complained of dyspnea. Laryngoscopy revealed bilateral vocal cord paralysis. He diagnosed as nasogastric tube syndrome and a tracheostomy was performed. Vocal cord paralysis began to improve by day 12 after onset and resolved 6 months later. Colostomy closure was scheduled at 9 months after onset of paralysis and we used a supraglottic airway during the second surgery. The patient did not experience recurrence of vocal cord paralysis. For dyspnea in patients with an indwelling nasogastric tube, it is important to suspect nasogastric tube syndrome and promptly diagnose it with laryngoscopy and determine the indication for tracheostomy. To avoid recurrence of paralysis in patients with a history of nasogastric tube syndrome, care must be taken to secure the airway during subsequent surgical procedures.
People who are engaged in home health care services often have to transfer clients while in a half standing posture using repetitious movement including gravitational changes. Transferring heavy patients at homes for the severely mental and physical handicapped is equivalent to the care giving work, listed in the "guideline for prevention of lower back pain in work places" (1994/9/6). The purpose of this study was to investigate incidences of lower back pain and injuries among home helpers as well as to determine the relationship between their level of protective knowledge and prevalence of lower back pain. The results of the study revealed that home helpers complained of a mild type of lower back pain. Although almost all of them had the protective knowledge for lower back injuries that was taught in their training courses, they still felt the need for more knowledge through continuous education regarding protective measures for lower back injuries and pain. Regarding the method of teaching, they want to learn by TV programs, books, texts and self-learning materials. Few of them wanted to learn by computer assisted instructions or the internet. Based upon the results of this study, we have developed new teaching materials for home helpers which explain adequate postures in home care through utilizing their protective knowledge to avoid lower back pain.
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