Thick-walled ray cells of Haloxylon ammodendronwere first reported by Zhou and Gong in 2017, but their formation mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we performeda proteomic analysis of ray cell wall formation in the xylem. H. ammodendronin Shihezi exhibits a thicker ray cell wall than that in Jinghe. During the process of cell wall biosynthesisin the xylem of H. ammodendron, the nonspecific lipid-transfer protein and beta expansin EXPB2.1 (Mirabilis jalapa) first loosen the cell wall, and this step is followed by extension and expansion. Subsequently, xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase 1 cleaves and linksthe xyloglucan chains. Photosystem I P700 apoprotein A1, reversibly glycosylated polypeptide 1 and GDP-mannose-3′,5′-epimerase are involved in the cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin biosynthesis processes in the cell wall by providing components or energy. Finally, the proteins involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis promote lignification of the ray cell wall and complete the biosynthetic process of the cell wall.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the efficacy of 2% baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and ultra-sonication on the fungi and bacteria disinfection and germination of organic vegetable seeds. The predominant fungi and bacterium were Altanaria sp. and Pseudomonas sp. in organic vegetable seeds. The treatment of 2% baking soda alone showed low germination rate of organic root, leafy vegetable and cucurbit seeds, but the germination and disinfection efficacy was increased by the combined treatment with 2% baking soda and ultra-sonication. Among the vegetable seeds, Radish, turnip, Chinese cabbage, and cabbage treated with 2% baking soda and ultra-sonication for one minute had the highest disinfection and germination efficacy. Also, beet, melon and watermelon were the highest disinfection and germination efficiency for 2 minutes of the combined treatment with 2% baking soda and ultra-sonication. In the future, the eco-friendly seed disinfection technology using ultra-sonication and baking soda is more effective and economical methods, so we need to expand research on other organic crops.
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