We examined the influence on temporal aspects of three consonants, /k/, /c/ and /s/, of alterations in the oral environment produced by either palatal augmentation or by an increase in the vertical dimension of occlusion. Voice onset time (V.O.T.) for /k/ and /c/ was influenced more than aspiration time by the palatal augmentation. Consonant duration for /s/ was also influenced by palatal augmentation. Significant influence of an increase in vertical dimension on the timing was not recognized. Speech disorder caused by the malformation of palate seems to be more frequent than that caused by vertical dimension. Adaptation to prostheses would seem to be definitely concerned with orosensory feedback.
Abstract:Mastication and swallowing are closely related to tongue function. In the elderly, decrease of tongue function is suspected to cause oral malfunction. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the aging of swallowing by observing tongue pressure on the palate during swallowing. The subjects used were three young dentate persons and eight elderly complete denture wearers. Five pressure transducers were placed in either the artificial palatal plate or the duplicated upper denture. Tongue pressure and electromyography (EMG) of the suprahyoid muscle were recorded.The results were as follows : 1. Maximum tongue pressure of the elderly denture wearers was significantly lower than that of young dentate persons. 2. Upon swallowing saliva, both the duration from the EMG onset of suprahyoid muscle movement to the onset of tongue pressure and from the EMG onset to the time of maximum tongue pressure of the elderly were longer than those of the young dentate persons.3. In young dentate persons, the duration from the onset of tongue pressure to the time of maximum tongue pressure in swallowing saliva was shorter than that for swallowing 2 ml water, while that of elderly denture wearers was longer.
To assess speech disturbances caused by newly made prostheses, visual and acoustical methods, palatograms, sound spectrograms, etc., have been used. But the analysis and assessment requires somewhat professional knowledge and experience and much time, so such methods are not necessarily easier, and have the defect of being somewhat subjective. The purpose of this study is to develop a new speech test that is easy to use and more objective using the speech recognition unit. First, experimental palatal plates were made for a dentulous subject, and the utility of the speech recognition unit was estimated. The speech recognition unit and ordinary hearing were compared in utterance of ten Japanese monosyllables,
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the vertical dimension on pronunciation. Tongue pressures, mandibular movements and speech sounds were simultaneously recorded and analyzed for the following sounds:
We examined the influence of context on the articulatory positions of the tongue, lips, and mandible using optical and marker-tracking systems and speculated articulatory coordination during the production of Japanese VCV sequence from the standpoint of current theories of speech production. The primary articulator for the consonant was comparatively invariant in the context. The secondary articulator was variant in the context. Influence of the preceding vowel on the secondary articulators for the con sonantdecreased monotonically and the influence of the following vowel increased in the same way. Thus, movements during the Japanese VCV sequence seem to consist of basic vowel-to-vowel gestures and comparatively invariant movement for the relevant consonant articulator.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the anterior palatal form on speech. The subjects used were 36 male and 14 female dentitions, which were native Japanese speakers. The palate of each subject was impressed and the study cast was made. Each palatal form was examined and classified.
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