Tropical pyomyositis is an infectious disease that affects skeletal muscle and may appear as a diffuse inflammation or a rapidly progressive myonecrotic process. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common microorganism, accounting for 90% of cases. The diagnosis is sometimes late because patients usually do not seek care for the first symptoms, and because it is a rare disease, doctors are still not familiar with the entity. Case report: A 42-year-old male patient with diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hypoalbuminemia developed tropical pyomyositis with multiple muscle abscesses, requiring prolonged antibiotic therapy and surgical drainage. Conclusion: Pyomyositis is a little known disease and if not diagnosed early can be fatal. CASe RePoRT Check for updates muscles during transient bacteremia-surgical manipulation of infected oral tissues or even routine dental manipulations, contaminated lower urinary tract catheterization-and it find favorable conditions, as immunosuppression conditions, that trigger infection [2,4,5]. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common microorganism, accounting for 90% of cases. In non-tropical regions, the frequency of staphylococcal infection is lower-about 60% [6]. Tropical pyomyositis is also becoming more common in people infected with HIV. Mechanisms include damage caused by the infection itself, zidovudine therapy, infections caused by parasites and mycobacteria, and deficiency in host defenses [7]. The disease has two peaks of incidence: In childhood (2 to 5 years) and in adulthood (35 to 40 years), 80% male. Non-tropical disease presents a peak of 30-50 and 60-70 years, with a 3:1 ratio [2]. Tropical pyomyositis is not a well-known disease, and its initial characteristics are nonspecific and can be easily confused with other more prevalent pathologies, including arboviruses. The delay in recognition results in a greater number of exams, interventions and days of hospitalization, can generate high costs for the institution; besides negatively influencing the prognosis, the imminent risk of sequelae or death.
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