We investigated the associations between the self-evaluated pain status and two pain biomarker candidates, nerve growth factor and S100A8/A9, in exudate from venous leg ulcer to finally develop an objective pain evaluation method. Patients with venous leg ulcer participated in this cross-sectional observational study conducted between April and October 2014 at two medical facilities. During routine wound care, each participant self-evaluated their pain status at each examination using the 10-point numerical rating scale (present pain intensity) and the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire 2 (continuous pain, intermittent pain, neuropathic pain, affective descriptors, and total score). Venous leg ulcer exudate sample was collected after wound cleansing. The nerve growth factor and S100A8/A9 concentrations in the venous leg ulcer exudate were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and standardized according to the wound area. The association between each pain status and the two standardized protein concentrations was evaluated using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. In 30 sample collected from 13 participants, the standardized nerve growth factor concentration was negatively correlated with continuous pain (ρ = -0.47, P = 0.01), intermittent pain (ρ = -0.48, P = 0.01), neuropathic pain (ρ = -0.51, P = 0.01), and total score (ρ = -0.46, P = 0.01). The standardized S100A8/A9 concentration was positively correlated with present pain intensity (ρ = 0.46, P = 0.03) and continuous pain (ρ = 0.48, P = 0.03). Thus, these two proteins may be useful for objective evaluation of wound pain in venous leg ulcer patients.
Aspirin-induced asthma (AIA) is a severe and difficult-to-treat allergic disease in which acute asthma attacks are induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Patients with AIA rarely experience asthma attacks when taking celecoxib, a specific inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) 2. A 33-year-old woman had a severe asthma attack with hypoxia and lost consciousness after oral provocation testing with 15 mg of aspirin and also with 50 mg of celecoxib. After 2 months of treatment with 10 mg/day of oral prednisolone, 1600 μg/day of inhaled fluticasone propionate, montelukast as a leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA), and long-term beta-agonist, we again challenged her with a provocation test with up to 200 mg of celecoxib; this time there were neither allergic symptoms nor decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Patients with severe or poorly controlled asthma may experience asthma attacks even if using selective COX-2 inhibitors. However, treatment with steroids and an LTRAs may inhibit asthma attacks induced by celecoxib.
A 10-month-old male infant underwent splenectomy because of life-threatening hypersplenism due to malignant histiocytosis. The spleen tissue positive for herpes simplex virus (HSV)-DNA, histologically and immunologically revealed a marked B cell depletion replaced by proliferation of activated cytotoxic T cells. S100-positive histiomonocytoid cells and lysozyme-positive hemophagocytes were also significantly increased. No metaphases were obtained by cytogenetic studies and Southern blot analysis of spleen cell DNA demonstrated only germ bands of immunoglobulin and both T gamma and beta genes, providing no evidence of monoclonality in this case of so-called malignant histiocytosis.
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