Sesamol is a natural antioxidant found in sesame oil from roasted sesame seeds. Activation energy and antioxidant capacity of sesamol were determined and compared with other free radical scavengers (FRSs) including tert-butylated-hydroxyquinone (TBHQ), butylated-hydroxyanisol (BHA), or a-tocopherol in a lard model system treated with different heating temperature. Each FRS was added in lard and heated at 90, 120, 150, and 1808C for 48, 24, 8, or 2 h, respectively and antioxidant capacity was evaluated by conjugated dienoic acid (CDA) value, conjugated diene hydroperoxides, p-anisidine value ( p-AV), and a modified 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Apparent activation energy of sesamol was determined as 12.98 kcal/mol in a lard model system. Antioxidant capacity of sesamol was as good as that of TBHQ and was higher than those of BHA and a-tocopherol at 90, 120, and 1508C based on CDA, conjugated diene hydroperoxides, and p-AV assays. The results of a modified DPPH method showed that each FRS showed different distribution of radical scavenging compounds from oxidized lipids (RSOLs) during oxidation. Sesamol may replace synthetic FRSs like TBHQ and BHA in processed foods treated with high temperature.Practical application: Processed foods are frequently treated with high temperature during ovendrying, roasting, baking, and deep-fat frying. This study showed that sesamol, one of natural antioxidants, had stronger antioxidant capacities than other synthetic FRSs at the temperature ranges from 90 to 1808C. The results of this study can be applied in food industries producing deep-fat fried foods including snacks, chips, and French fries to extend the shelf-life of final foods with high temperature treatment.

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/ 3.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Purpose:To evaluate the anti-subsidence effect of suspensionplasty using abductor pollicis longus (APL) tendon in carpometacarpal (CMC) arthritis of the thumb. Methods: From June 2009 to May 2016, hematoma distraction arthroplasty (HDA; group A, 10 cases) and HDA with suspensionplasty using APL tendon (group B, 7 cases) were performed in total 17 patients with CMC arthritis. The K-wire was fixed from 1st metacarpal to 2nd metacarpal in both group to maintain the empty space for 6 weeks until the fibrous tissue fill the space. We measured the preoperative trapezium space height with picture archiving and communication (PACS) system and compare the height with that was measured postoperatively. Additionally the subsidence rate checked sequentially with follow-up plain radiography. Results: The subsidence ratios (subsidence/trapezium height) were average 33.2% in group A and 31.4% in group B. There is no statistical difference between two groups. Six weeks after pin removal almost of subsidence occurred, and then from 3 months after surgery to 6 months after surgery, few subsidence was occurred and it is average only 8% of total subsidence. The trial of distraction the empty space when perform the Kirschner wire (K-wire) fixation, it does not influence the prevention of subsidence. Between distraction height and subsidence, there was no statistical relevance. Conclusion: Although suspensionplasty was known as one of methods to prevent the subsidence, it is thought to be not very helpful method to prevent subsidence of thumb in CMC arthritis.

Purpose: To evaluate effectiveness of ultrasonographic measurement of carpal tunnel by anatomical area and correlation with electrodiagnostic study in diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome.Methods: From September 2018 to March 2019, we performed the ultrasonography for 30 cases with carpal tunnel syndrome diagnosed with electrodiagnosis and 30 cases as control group. We measured median nerve diameter, cross-sectional area (CSA), and flattening ratio (FR) by area of carpal tunnel. We analyzed the difference of measurement between two groups and correlate the measurement with electrodiagnosis findings.Results: There was significant statistically differences in sonographic measurement between two groups by independent t-test (CSA zone 1, p=0.01; FR zone 2, p=0.000; FR zone 3; p=0.001). With Pearson correlation test, there was correlation between sonographic measurement and electrodiagnostic findings (terminal latency and nerve conduction velocity) statistically, but the Pearson coefficient was low (r<0.4). Conclusion: By anatomical area, the available value of sonographic measurement was different. But, as the values were has low power to diagnose the carpal tunnel syndrome, ultrasonography is proper to use as a complementary tool in diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome.

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