In this study, the factors influencing the choice of the type of urban railroad transportation in the metropolitan areas of Korea were analyzed. As the populations of metropolitan areas are expanding, the importance of rail transportation, which has a high travel reliability in terms of travel time, has increased, and various types of railroad systems have emerged accordingly. This study was focused on the choice behavior of travelers on local and express trains that use the same track and differ only in the number of stations and operating times. To compare the choice behavior of travelers between local and express trains, factors such as the waiting time on the platform and the in-car travel time were considered. We also investigated the system choice behavior for an existing express subway and high-speed rail trains in tunnels at a great depth in terms of horizontal access time (walking), vertical access time, in-vehicle travel time, and travel fare. For a high-speed rail built underground at a great depth of 50 m, the stated preference survey was designed, and data were collected in consideration of the Great Train Express being promoted in the Seoul metropolitan area by the Korean government. The results of this study are expected to be considered important data for improving the rail system design from the user’s perspective to increase the demand for urban rail transportation in metropolitan areas.
The purpose of this study is to report the clinical effectiveness of Korean medicine, especially Palmijihwang-hwan and Oryung-san, on an alcoholic liver disease patient with fatigue and dizziness.Methods: A patient was treated with Korean medicine, including herbal decoction, acupuncture, moxibustion, and cupping.Then, the patient was asked about his condition every day and underwent liver function tests three times.Results: After 13 days of treatment, fatigue decreased by 80%, and dizziness disappeared on the second day of hospitalization.It also recovered from indigestion and abdominal distension.Conclusions: According to this study, Korean medicine, including Palmijihwang-hwan and Oryung-san, is an effective treatment for symptoms associated with alcoholic liver disease.
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