This paper documents the dynamics of the term structure of the implied volatility (IV) smirk of Chicago Board Options Exchange Volatility Index (VIX) options. Empirical analysis shows that VIX option-IV slope predicts VIX futures returns over the next day to month, outperforms existing investors' perception proxies in the stock and option markets. The empirical finding is rationalized through time-varying correlation between the VIX and volatility of VIX (VVIX), VIX jumps, and investors' net positions in VIX futures market.

In this paper, we study the skewness risk and its return predictability in the energy market. Skewness risk is often used to measure the possibility of market crash. We study both physical skewness (market skewness and cross-sectional average realized skewness) estimated from underlying stock returns and risk-neutral skewness evaluated from the options market. We find a significant positive relationship between one-month-ahead market return and average realized skewness in the energy market. This unique feature should be noted by investors and carefully considered by energy policymakers.