Objectives: This study investigated the effectiveness of a quantitative electroencephalography(qEEG) biomarker in predicting the response to pharmacological treatment in patients with anxiety disorder.Methods: A total of 86 patients were diagnosed with anxiety disorder by using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition and treated with antidepressants. After 8-12weeks, the participants were divided into treatment-resistant(TRS) and treatment-response(TRP) groups on the basis of the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity(CGI-S) score. We obtained the absolute-EEG measurements for 19-channels and analyzed qEEG findings according to the Hz range: delta, theta, alpha, and beta. The beta-wave was subdivided into low-beta, beta, and high-beta. The theta-beta ratio(TBR) was calculated, and an analysis of covariance was performed.Results: Among the 86 patients with anxiety disorder, 65% were classified in the TRS group. The TRS and TRP groups did not differ regarding age, sex, and medication-dosage. However, the baseline CGI-S was higher in the TRP. After calibration by covariates, the TRP showed a higher beta-wave and high-beta-waves in T3 and T4. The TRP showed a lower TBR, especially in T3 and T4. Conclusion: These results indicate that patients with a lower TBR and higher beta and high-beta waves in T3 and T4 are more likely to respond to medication.
Screening for depression in males is important because their symptoms differ from those of females, ranging from indications of aggression to attempts at suicide. Men and women differ in their responses to job stress. There are no tools that have been verified, developed, or translated for screening male depression in Korea. Our team translated the Gotland Male Depression Scale (GMDS) into Korean. The Korean version of GMDS (K-GMDS) and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) were administered to 277 office workers in one public institution. Gender differences in each scale score were measured along with the correlation between the K-GMDS and the MBI-GS. There was no significant difference in the K-GMDS score between males and females, whereas females scored significantly higher on the MBI-GS ( p < .001). The correlation between the K-GMDS total score and the MBI total score (male: r = .702, p < .001, female: r = .375, p < .001) and MBI subscale scores were higher in males than females. Gender moderated the relationship between total K-GMDS and total MBI scores ( p < .001). The Korean version of the GMDS is suitable for screening male depression symptoms in the workplace. The results of the K-GMDS demonstrated a strong correlation between depressive symptoms and work-related burnout among men. This study can be used as a basis for studying male depression symptoms in Korea, which has not been studied extensively. This will prove beneficial for work environments.
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