Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment for the selective destruction of cancerous and non-neoplastic cells that involves the simultaneous presence of light, oxygen and a light-activatable chemical known as a photosensitizer. Curcumin is one of the most extensively investigated phytochemicals with chemopreventive potential and antitumor effects. In this study, the effect of a combination of PDT and curcumin on apoptotic cell death in AMC-HN3 cells and the molecular mechanism underlying apoptosis was examined to confirm the interaction between photofrin-induced PDT and curcumin during combined mortality. The combination treatment with curcumin and PDT inhibited approximately 70% of the cell viability after PDT, whereas the PDT and curcumin only groups showed a 50 and 10% decrease in cell viability, respectively. In addition, the combination treatment increased the apoptotic events, such as nuclear fragmentation and nuclear condensation. This combination group showed an increase in ROS generation that was higher than that observed after each single treatment. Compared to the single agent treatments, the combination therapy induced the enhanced loss of ∆ψm. Furthermore, the cytosolic levels of cytochrome c were significantly elevated in the combination group. Caspases-9, -3 and PARP, which are apoptosis-related proteins induced by mitochondrial activation, were upregulated remarkably by the combination treatment. When co-treated with glutathione, a singlet oxygen quencher, the combination treatment-induced synergistic cytotoxic and apoptotic effects, enhanced the generation of ROS and suppressed the upregulation of caspase-3 and PARP. These results suggest that the combination modality with PDT and curcumin have a better treatment effect in vitro. The induction of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis due to the increased generation of ROS may be involved in this combination treatment.
Purpose: This study aims to understand the role Angelica gigas (A. gigas) Nakai root extract (AGNRE) fermented with Jeju lava seawater in collagenase suppression in human dermal fibroblasts, and identify the major active compound responsible for it suppressive effect. Methods: AGNREs were prepared by fermentation with Jeju lava water at low temperature and analyzed for identifying the major active compound in these fermented root extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were performed to investigate the cell viability and expression level of collagenase gene. Comparative experiments were performed using AGNREs and decursin to confirm the downregulation of collagenase expression and analyze the correlation between them. Results: HPLC analysis revealed decursin to be the major active compound in AGNREs. Analysis of data obtained by WST-1 assays at concentration of 200 μg/mL for AGNREs and <20 μM for decursin did not show any cytotoxicity in human dermal fibroblasts. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that AGNREs as well as decursin downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP3) gene in human dermal fibroblasts. Conclusion: These analyses suggest that AGNREs fermented with Jeju lava water as well as decursin isolated from these extracts hold a great potential to be applied as functional anti-wrinkle agent in cosmetic.
The mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a tropical perennial fruit belonging to the genus Mangifera of the Anacardiaceae family, and the Irwin mango (Mangifera indica L. var. Irwin) variety is mainly grown on Jeju Island. In this study, a Jeju mango kernel extract (JMKE) was prepared using 70% ethanol. The antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of JKME as well as its effects on melanin activation were investigated to determine its utility as a functional material. The study results indicated that DPPH radical scavenging activity was around 92.02±0.05%, while the ABTS scavenging activity was around 99.55±0.02%, at 50 μg/mL concentration of the JMKE. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity was observed to be directly proportional to the JMKE concentration, confirming its whitening activity. In melanocytes, JMKE at 100 μg/mL had a tyrosinase inhibitory activity of around 26.08%. This was the maximum concentration of JMKE at which it was non-cytotoxic. In addition, primary skin irritation tests revealed that JMKE is a hypoallergenic substance and is thus suitable for use as a functional material.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.