OBJECTIVE -To study the effect of body composition and adiponectin on insulin resistance and -cell function in schoolchildren during puberty.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Plasma adiponectin level and its relationships with insulin sensitivity and -cell function were analyzed in 500 randomly recruited nondiabetic Taiwanese schoolchildren (245 boys and 255 girls) aged 6 -18 years in a national survey program for diabetes in 1999. Insulin resistance and -cell function were evaluated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Plasma adiponectin concentrations were determined with radioimmunoassay.RESULTS -Plasma glucose levels remained stable, whereas insulin resistance increased with a compensatory rise in -cell function during this period. A transient drop of adiponectin level with a trough at 10 -12 years was found in boys but not in girls. This pubertal drop of adiponectin levels in boys coincides with the sharp rise in testosterone concentration. A negative correlation between testosterone levels and adiponectin concentration was also noted in boys (r ϭ Ϫ0.142, P ϭ 0.032). Plasma adiponectin levels correlated inversely with relative body weight, fasting insulin concentrations, and insulin resistance index by HOMA in boys aged 15-18 years and in girls aged 11-14 years. No association was observed between adiponectin levels and -cell function by HOMA.CONCLUSIONS -There is a transient drop in the level of adiponectin during male puberty, correlated with the increase in testosterone level in boys. Plasma adiponectin levels were inversely correlated with obesity and insulin resistance in boys and girls during the pubertal period. Diabetes Care 27:308 -313, 2004T ype 2 diabetes, once considered to be a disease of adults, is now emerging in children and adolescents worldwide (1,2). In adults, both insulin sensitivity and -cell function decline with aging. According to both crosssectional and longitudinal studies (3-5), these abnormalities are always found in the pre-diabetic state during development of type 2 diabetes. However, little is known about the evolution of the insulin resistance and -cell function of children who are "growing" rather than "aging."Although children in their prediabetic state might share common pathogenesis in terms of insulin resistance and -cell deterioration, the etiology of insulin resistance and the pattern of islet compensation under various stimuli for growth and development may differ markedly from those of adults. Much effort for elucidating transient insulin resistance during puberty has focused on sex steroids (6 -8), which, however, fail to explain the restoration of insulin sensitivity after puberty, when sex hormones have achieved and maintain adult levels. On the other hand, the growth hormone/ IGF-1 axis, a chronologically plausible culprit, is still controversial in its insulinantagonizing effects in children of different ages and sexes (9 -11). Given the tight, temporal coupling between growth and reproductive development, some common signals regulating adolescent growth ...
OBJECTIVEVascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) participates in inflammation and catalyzes the breakdown of amines to produce aldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and ammonia. Serum VAP-1 correlates positively with both acute hyperglycemia and diabetes. We conducted a cohort study to evaluate whether serum VAP-1 predicts 10-year survival in type 2 diabetic patients.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSBetween July 1996 and June 2003, we enrolled 661 type 2 diabetic subjects at National Taiwan University Hospital. Serum VAP-1 in the samples obtained at enrollment was measured by time-resolved immunofluorometric assay. The vital status of all subjects was ascertained by linking their data with computerized death certificates in Taiwan.RESULTSThe medium follow-up period was 10.4 years. Subjects with serum VAP-1 in the highest tertile had a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.19 (95% CI 1.17–4.11) for all-cause mortality adjusted for age, sex, smoking, history of cardiovascular disease, obesity, hypertension, hemoglobin A1c, diabetes duration, total cholesterol, use of statins, abnormal ankle-brachial index, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and proteinuria. The adjusted HRs for logarithmically transformed serum VAP-1 were 5.83 (95% CI 1.17–28.97) for cardiovascular mortality, 6.32 (95% CI 1.25–32.00) for mortality from cardiovascular and diabetic causes, and 17.24 (95% CI 4.57–65.07) for cancer mortality. There were four variables, including age, serum VAP-1, proteinuria, and eGFR, which could enhance mortality prediction significantly.CONCLUSIONSSerum VAP-1 can predict 10-year all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cancer mortality independently in type 2 diabetic subjects. Serum VAP-1 is a novel biomarker that improves risk prediction over and above established risk factors.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.