The direct band gap CsPbBr3 perovskite is regarded as a promising alternative for low-cost and high-performance X-ray radiation detectors. Despite the fact that CsPbBr3 nanocrystals have been shown to be good scintillators in the indirect conversion mode, the direct X-ray conversion with CsPbBr3 single crystals is expected to yield higher spatial resolution. Here, rubidium (Rb) doping is demonstrated to be an efficient approach to improve carrier transport and X-ray detection performance in the direct-conversion X-ray detectors based on Cs(1–x)Rb x PbBr3 single crystals. Electrical properties’ characterizations as combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements have revealed that Rb doping in Cs(1–x)Rb x PbBr3 single crystals can enhance the atomic interaction and orbital coupling between Pb and Br atoms, leading to an enhancement of carrier transport and X-ray detection performance. X-ray detectors based on a small amount (0.037%) of Rb-doped Cs(1–x)Rb x PbBr3 single crystals exhibited a high X-ray sensitivity of 8097 μC Gyair –1 cm–2. This work offers a feasible strategy to improve the X-ray detection performance by chemical doping in all-inorganic perovskite X-ray detectors.

Accurate electric load forecasting is critical not only in preventing wasting electricity production but also in facilitating the reasonable integration of clean energy resources. Hybridizing the variational mode decomposition (VMD) method, the chaotic mapping mechanism, and improved meta-heuristic algorithm with the support vector regression (SVR) model is crucial to preventing the premature problem and providing satisfactory forecasting accuracy. To solve the boundary handling problem of the cuckoo search (CS) algorithm in the cuckoo birds' searching processes, this investigation proposes a simple method, called the out-bound-back mechanism, to help those out-bounded cuckoo birds return to their previous (the most recent iteration) optimal location. The proposed self-recurrent (SR) mechanism, inspired from the combination of Jordan's and Elman's recurrent neural networks, is used to collect comprehensive and useful information from the training and testing data. Therefore, the self-recurrent mechanism is hybridized with the SVR-based model. Ultimately, this investigation presents the VMD-SR-SVRCBCS model, by hybridizing the VMD method, the SVR model with the self-recurrent mechanism, the Tent chaotic mapping function, the out-bound-back mechanism, and the cuckoo search algorithm. Two real-world datasets are used to demonstrate that the proposed model has greater forecasting accuracy than other models. INDEX TERMS Support vector regression, variational mode decomposition, self-recurrent mechanism, tent chaotic mapping function, out-bound-back mechanism, cuckoo search algorithm.

Solution-processable all-inorganic lead halide perovskites are under intensive attention due to their potential applications in low-cost high-performance optoelectronic devices such as photodetectors. However, solution processing usually generates structural and chemical defects which are detrimental to the photodetection performance of photodetectors. Here, a polymer additive of polyethylene glycol (PEG) was employed to passivate the localized defects in CsPbI 2 Br films through the Lewis acid−base interaction. The interfacial defects were passivated efficiently by introducing a trace amount of a PEG additive with a concentration of 0.4 mg mL −1 into the CsPbI 2 Br precursor solution, as suggested by the significantly reduced trap density of state, which was revealed using thermal admittance spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectrum characterization showed that rather than Cs + or I − , a Lewis acid−base interaction was established between Pb 2+ and PEG to passivate the defects in the CsPbI 2 Br perovskite, which leads to large suppression of noise current. Both specific detectivity and linear dynamic range improved from 4.1 × 10 9 Jones and 73 dB to 2.2 × 10 11 Jones and 116 dB, respectively. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of employing an environmentally stable polymeric additive PEG to passivate defects for high photodetection performance in all-inorganic perovskite photodetectors.

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