No abstract

Summary This paper advances the understanding of managerial voice endorsement based on a self‐regulation perspective. We suggest that although managers might potentially benefit more from employees' upward voice when they are more depleted, they are paradoxically less likely to diligently process or endorse such voice under ego depletion. We draw from ego depletion theory and argue that when managers are more depleted of their self‐control resources, they will spend less cognitive effort in processing voice. In turn, they tend to reject employee voice due to status quo bias and confirmation bias. We further suggest that the detrimental effect of ego depletion on voice endorsement is stronger when the voicing employee is perceived as having low expertise. We conducted an experience sampling study surveying 62 managers about voice events they encounter at work over 10 days (Study 1) and an experiment with 198 managers (Study 2). These two studies support our hypotheses. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.

No abstract

SYNOPSJSThe structure of oriented polyaniline ( PANI) films were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, XPS, SEM, and X-ray diffraction, and their electrical properties were measured as a function of the protonation state, elongation ratio, temperature, and applied pressure. A maximum conductivity at room temperature for oriented PANI films can be achieved up to 500 s/cm with conductivity anisotropy as high as 20 : 1. The temperature dependence of conductivity for both unoriented and oriented films at 77-300 K and applied pressure of 0-11.4 kbar is consistent with the 3-D variable-range hopping model; however, the hopping barrier of oriented films is one order magnitude lower than that of unoriented films. The mechanism of enhanced conductivity for oriented PANI films is discussed. 0 XPS, SEM, and X-ray diffraction and their electrical properties were measured as a function of the protonation state, elongation ratio, temperature, and pressure in order to understand the mechanism of enhanced conductivity for oriented PANI films.

Modulating lasing wavelength flexibly and repeatedly on a single rod is essential to the practical applications of micro/nanorod lasers. In this paper, a structure that decouples the gain medium and optical cavity is proposed, where the corresponding mechanism for the lasing wavelength shift is explained. Based on the above structure, one kind of wavelength continuously variable lasers is achieved on a single GaN/InGaN core-shell microrod without modifying the geometry of the resonant cavity or cutting the microrod. By using this method, lasing wavelength can be modulated from 372 to 408 nm flexibly and repeatedly in a 10 μm facilely synthesized microrod. This approach demonstrates a big application potential in numerous fields consisting of optical telecommunication and environmental monitoring.

Creativity is thought to require the flexible reconfiguration of multiple brain regions that interact in transient and complex communication patterns. In contrast to prior emphases on searching for specific regions or networks associated with creative performance, we focused on exploring the association between the reconfiguration of dynamic functional connectivity states and creative ability. We hypothesized that a high frequency of dynamic functional connectivity state transitions will be associated with creative ability. To test this hypothesis, we recruited a high-creative group (HCG) and a low-creative group (LCG) of participants and collected resting-state fMRI (R-fMRI) data and Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT) scores from each participant. By combining an independent component analysis with a dynamic network analysis approach, we discovered the HCG had more frequent transitions between dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) states than the LCG. Moreover, a confirmatory analysis using multiplication of temporal derivatives also indicated that there were more frequent dFC state transitions in the HCG. Taken together, these results provided empirical evidence for a linkage between the flexible reconfiguration of dynamic functional connectivity states and creative ability. These findings have the potential to provide new insights into the neural basis of creativity.

Objective:To elucidate the timeframe and spatial patterns of cortical reorganization after different stroke-induced basal ganglia lesions, we measured cortical thickness at five timepoints over a six-month period. We hypothesized that cortical reorganization would occur very early and that, along with motor recovery, it would vary based on the stroke lesion site.Methods:Thirty-three patients with unilateral basal ganglia stroke and 23 healthy control participants underwent MRI scanning and behavioral testing. To further decrease heterogeneity, we split patients into two groups according to whether or not the lesions mainly affect the striatal motor network as defined by resting-state functional connectivity. A priori measures included cortical thickness and motor outcome, as assessed with the Fugl-Meyer scale.Results:Within 14 days post-stroke, cortical thickness already increased in widespread brain areas (p=0.001), mostly in the frontal and temporal cortices rather than in the motor cortex. Critically, the two groups differed in the severity of motor symptoms (p=0.03) as well as in the cerebral reorganization they exhibited over a period of six months (Dice overlap index=0.16). Specifically, the frontal and temporal regions demonstrating cortical thickening showed minimal overlap between these two groups, indicating different patterns of reorganization.Conclusions:Our findings underline the importance of assessing patients early on and of considering individual differences, as patterns of cortical reorganization differ substantially depending on the precise location of damage and occur very soon after stroke. A better understanding of the macrostructural brain changes following stroke and their relationship with recovery may inform individualized treatment strategies.

ExperimentalPoly(m-xylylene adipamide) (MXD6) was obtained from the Mitsubishi Gas Company. It was dissolved as-received in m-cresol (99.3 % purity), obtained from Aldrich, in a concentration of 35 g/L. It was subsequently spun onto a glass/ITO (indium tin oxide) substrate. Pentacene, acquired from Aldrich, was thermally evaporated as-received at a pressure of 8 10 ±7 torr at a rate of 3 /s, from a quartz crucible in a tungsten heater basket. Gold was formed as a top layer electrode through shadow masks, with an electrode area of 2 mm 2 mm for both source and drain with a distance of 25±80 lm in between, the channel length. Gold was evaporated at a speed of 2 /s.The fabricated devices were measured using two Keithley 2400 source measure units to provide the gate and drain voltages, as well as measuring source±drain currents and source±gate leakage. Keithley 2400 units have a maximum resolution of 5 10 ±11 A. Also, they show a DC current offset of up to ±4 10 ±10 A, in our case ±1. Molecular-based materials with photoresponsive physical (e.g., electrical and magnetic) properties are very important for the development of molecular electronics and optoelectronics. In recent years, several examples of photo-modulation of the magnetic properties of molecular magnets have been described, [1] although photoregulation of the electrical conductivity of organic conducting materials has hardly been reported. [2] We report here for the first time the reversible photoregulation of the electrical conductivity of a polyaniline (PANI) thin-film doped with spiropyran (SP). It is noteworthy that the electrical conductivity of polyaniline depends not only on the level of oxidation but also on the degree of protonation.[3] The reversible interconversion of the ªbase formº and the ªsalt formº can be achieved by employing the principle of acid/base (doping/de-doping) chemistry, enabling control over the electrical conductivity. It has been reported [4] that the ªbase formº of polyaniline can be transformed into the corresponding ªsalt formº in the presence of a photoacid generator upon irradiation. However, this photoinduced proton-doping process was irreversible. Interconversion among the three states of spiropyran (the closed form SP, the open form ME, and the protonated open form MEH; see Scheme 1) accompanies the reversible uptake and release of protons upon UV or visible-light irradiation, as shown in Scheme 1.[5] If this light-regulated reversible uptake and release of protons by spiropyran is combined with the unique property of polyaniline mentioned above (dependence of its conductivity on the level of protonation), then the electrical conductivity of polyaniline could be reversibly photocontrolled (Scheme 1). In other words, if polyaniline and spir-COMMUNICATIONS 636