Background & Aims Epithelial regeneration is essential for homeostasis and repair of the mucosal barrier. In the context of infectious and immune-mediated intestinal disease, interleukin (IL) 22 is thought to augment these processes. We sought to define the mechanisms by which IL22 promotes mucosal healing . Methods Intestinal stem cell cultures and mice were treated with recombinant IL22. Cell proliferation, death, and differentiation were assessed in vitro and in vivo by morphometric analysis, quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. Results IL22 increased the size and number of proliferating cells within enteroids but decreased the total number of enteroids. Enteroid size increases required IL22-dependent up-regulation of the tight junction cation and water channel claudin-2, indicating that enteroid enlargement reflected paracellular flux–induced swelling. However, claudin-2 did not contribute to IL22-dependent enteroid loss, depletion of Lgr5 + stem cells, or increased epithelial proliferation. IL22 induced stem cell apoptosis but, conversely, enhanced proliferation within and expanded numbers of transit-amplifying cells. These changes were associated with reduced wnt and notch signaling, both in vitro and in vivo, as well as skewing of epithelial differentiation, with increases in Paneth cells and reduced numbers of enteroendocrine cells. Conclusions IL22 promotes transit-amplifying cell proliferation but reduces Lgr5 + stem cell survival by inhibiting notch and wnt signaling. IL22 can therefore promote or inhibit mucosal repair, depending on whether effects on transit-amplifying or stem cells predominate. These data may explain why mucosal healing is difficult to achieve in some inflammatory bowel disease patients despite markedly elevated IL22 production.

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A dual-emissive optical sensor based on the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technique has been demonstrated to have significant advantages of high sensitivity and reliability. Here, we designed and successfully prepared a selfcalibrated optical luminescent thermometer of CsPbBr 3 quantum dot (QD) encapsulated lanthanide metal−organic frameworks (Eu-BTC), and their phase compositions and luminescence properties have been characterized. Different thermo-response luminescence behaviors originating from the photoluminescence of CsPbBr 3 QDs at 528 nm and the 5 D 0 − 7 F 2 emission of Eu 3+ at 618 nm were investigated in the temperature range of 20−100 °C, in which the dual-emissive temperature-dependent emissions can serve as a ratiometric thermometer for accurate temperature monitoring applications. Significantly, the as-obtained CsPbBr 3 @ Eu-BTC hybrid exhibited a high relative sensitivity (S r ) of 3.9% °C−1 at 20 °C and excellent temperature resolution of 0.004 °C in the measured temperature range, indicating its superiority as a ratiometric luminescent thermometer for temperature sensing. The related luminescent sensing mechanism of the CsPbBr 3 @Eu-BTC is also discussed, and this work provides an effective strategy for the rational design of a reliable and stable thermometer by integrating CsPbBr 3 QDs and a carrier of a luminescent lanthanide organic framework.

The first zeolitic material templated by MV2+ cations exhibits dual photo-/thermochromism with ultralong-lived charge separation and high thermal stability, as well as tuneable photovoltaic activity.

A new open-framework zinc phosphate with 12-ring channels has been solvothermally synthesized by using the in situ generated methylviologen as the template, which exhibits multi-photoactive properties such as photochromism, photoelectricity and fluorescence.

A hierarchical zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (micro/meso-ZIF-8) was fabricated by using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a structure-controlling agent and l-histidine as co-templates. Compared to the conventional microporous ZIF-8 (micro-ZIF-8), the hierarchical porous structure of micro/meso-ZIF-8 contains micropores and maximum mesopores of around 35.6 nm. The as-prepared hierarchical micro/meso-ZIF-8 featured a large surface area and superior spontaneous adsorption activity than micro-ZIF-8 towards lysozyme (LZM), bovine hemoglobin (BHb) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the adsorption capacity increased with the decreasing of the protein size due to the molecule cutoff effects. The maximum adsorption capacity of LZM on micro/meso-ZIF-8 was higher than most of the reported results under similar adsorption conditions. The analyses of adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics implied that the adsorption mechanism mainly involved physical adsorption. Moreover, the micro/meso-ZIF-8 showed good thermal stability against temperature and excellent regeneration ability in the recycling adsorption experiments. This work proposed herein opens a broad application prospect of hierarchical MOFs in biological molecule separation, immobilization and enrichment.

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