This paper presents evidence to defend the Malay as legitimate sons of the soil. The arguments are supported by linguistic, archeological, paleoanthropological, prehistorian, botanical, genetic and forensic evidence. The bulk of the sources on indigenous concept of the sons of the soil are the Malay classical texts. Based those sources, it is argued that the Malays are entitled to be regarded as legitimate sons of the soil, firstly, their ancestors were not migrants, instead originated from the Nusantara region; secondly, their ancestors were the first who constituted the political establishment or effective administration in Nusantara in general and in Malaysia in particular; thirdly, the status of the Malay masses as the sons of the soil had been legitimized by the Malay Sultanates, a single supreme authority over all matter on the Malay sovereignty of all time till today; and, fourthly, the Malay themselves constituted the concept of sons of the soil and also the geo-political entity called Tanah Melayu (the Malay Land) long before the coming of foreign influences.
This study assessed the advocacies by various parties on the factors that lead
to the emergence of homelessness symptoms in Malaysia. The present study
was on field observations, social participation, and intensive interviews with
the homeless (hot sports location) in Kuala Lumpur. This study contradicted
the common advocacies that the factors of homelessness in Malaysia are due
to economic problems such as costly rental for a house, difficulty in
employment, and underpaid. On the other hand, the findings obtained from this
study showed that the fundamental factor that produced the symptoms of
homelessness in Malaysia was mental health. Accordingly, the purpose of this
study is to raise awareness among parties that efforts to determine the root
cause of homelessness in the city should not only involve an economic
approach but should be based on a sociocultural-psychology technique instead.
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