A ferroelectric superlattice with an antiferroelectric interfacial coupling is considered; the same model describes a bilayer with antiferroelectric coupling. By mapping minimum points in the Landau free energy expression and plotting them against the applied electric field, a triple hysteresis loop pattern is obtained. The loop patterns vary between typically ferroelectric and typically antiferroelectric depending on the layer thicknesses and the magnitude of the interfacial-coupling constant. This work suggests the possibility of designing multilayer elements for computer memories with four or more different storage states.
We present the formalism within which all second and third order nonlinear
susceptibility coefficients can be calculated from the Landau expansion for an isotropic
paraelectric phase by means of the Landau-Khalatnikov dynamical equations. Both
first-order and second-order phase transitions are considered. Detailed results are
given for all the second-order coefficients in the ferroelectric phase and for third
harmonic generation, intensity-dependent refractive index and d.c. Kerr effect in both
paraelectric and ferroelectric phases.
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