Merger and acquisition (hereafter MA) are the business expansion strategy. Islamic bank is the niche banking sector compared to its peers while it is categorized as too small to succeed. The paper aims to analyze the impact of MA on the operational performance of the Islamic banking sector. This study employs empirical research methods, namely cross-sectional pooled regression and panel data regression to analyze a set of samples consisting of 10 Islamic banks involved in MA from 6 countries, drawn from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World bank, Ficth Connect, and Bloomberg over the years of 2009Q1to 2018Q4. The operational performance is estimated using accounting-based measures while the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and the concentration ratio (CR) are applied to signify market structure. Total assets, total deposits, and operating income variables are used to represent bank size. The findings indicate that bank size shows a negative impact on operational performance. While the segregated level of bank size which is larger banks and concentrated market structure has a greater impact on the operational performance of Islamic banks in the post-MA period. The paper concludes by discussing policy implications for policymakers and academicians for having the strategic decision on the MA deal and further research.
Financial inclusion is a priority agenda in many countries. While the importance of financial inclusion index is widely recognized, the literature lacks a constructive discussion on its measurement in the light of Islamic finance since it is believed that only by the incorporation of the Shariah-based instruments, the level of access to finance can be improved. The study aims to develop a methodology for the computation of an integrated Islamic finance-based index of financial inclusion in Malaysia. Based on the current measurement of financial inclusion index (IFI) in Malaysia, this study employs a self-administered questionnaire and secondary data from Jabatan Waqaf, Zakat dan Haji (JAWHAR) and Yayasan Waqaf Malaysia (YWM), to measure the integrated Islamic finance based financial inclusion index for year 2011 and 2015. Zakat and cash waqf indicators are added in the index computation to represent Islamic finance components. Depending on the value of the index, a country is classified into four categories; high, above average, moderate or low integrated Islamic finance-based of financial inclusion. It is found that the level of financial inclusion using Islamic finance indicator in Malaysia is above average. The overall index level is increased from 0.49 in year 2011 to 0.55 in year 2015. Interestingly, most of the level of zakat and cash waqf indicator indexes are low which indicate that these channels require specific attention to tackle financial inclusion in Malaysia. It is hoped that the findings would be useful for the development of financial inclusion index using Islamic finance approach and monitoring the impact of zakat and waqf to the society.
The issue of financial literacy has caught the interest of various groups in developed countries. The importance of improving financial literacy has increased because of factors including the development of new financial products; the complexity of the financial markets; and the changes in political, demographic and economic factors. However, the lack of financial knowledge will lead to an immense problem for a country and there is statistic shown entrepreneurs is amongst who are declared bankrupt. Thus, serious actions should be taken, and the financial literacy module for micro business entrepreneurs is one of the factors that needs to be identify. This paper aims to identify, review and synthesize the financial literacy module for micro business entrepreneur based on a systematic review. The present paper carried out a systematic literature review (SLR) of the related literature. A systematic review was identified literatures by electronic open access database searches (Google scholar, Scopus, Emerald insights, Taylor and Francis, Springer, World of Science and Science Direct). The inclusion criteria were: i) publication date between 2017 and 2021, ii) country, iii) methodology, iv) model/theory and v) dimension. Narrative synthesis and systematic review were performed and reported according to the preferred reporting items statement using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) search methodology strategy. Systematic literature review has been undertaken by identifying 2,743 studies from various sources. After removing the 2,732 studies based on selection criteria, 11 studies have been found relevant for the present study. The review suggests that the financial literacy module for micro business entrepreneur is necessary to promote entrepreneurial development and increasing the profile of disadvantaged people. This research found there is no standardised methodology to measure the financial literacy of entrepreneurs. The study conceptualises a research model which can be used by the policymakers to develop training modules for entrepreneurs. These training modules will contribute to the nation's economic growth by virtue of enhanced performance and superior financial access. This study proposes a hypothesised research model which is one of its kinds to demonstrate the financial literacy module for micro business entrepreneur.
The alarming increase in type 2 diabetes have not only impacted the public with mental and physical distress but have also increased anxiety and burden on financial aspects in relation to preventing and treating the disease. This has mostly been a result of increasing health care costs and unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity on a consistent basis; therefore, causing people to be unaware of their health status which may have already developed into the early onset of such disease. This study aims to evaluate the degree of the Malaysian public's risk in developing diabetes type 2; and further investigate the relationship of socio-demographic factors in explaining the variation in risk categories. The study employs both descriptive as well as inferential statistics such as the multinomial logistic regression in achieving the objectives. Findings from the sample of 860 Malaysians in the study reveal that almost half of the respondents are in the intermediate risk category of developing diabetes type 2; while results from the regression portray that, factors such as marital status, household income, and education levels play significant roles in the willingness to pay for takaful policy related to diabetes. Finally, the study also provides an evaluation of the degree of risk among three scenarios to show their degree of risk in terms of probabilities.
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