No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Several polycrystalline samples of bismuth layer-structured ferroelectrics (BLSF) family doped by lanthanum, Bi4−xLaxTi3O12, SrBi4−xLaxTi4O15, Sr2Bi4−xLaxTi5O18, and (Bi,La)4Ti3O12-Sr(Bi,La)4Ti4O15, were prepared by the traditional solid-state reaction method. Their ferroelectric and dielectric properties were investigated. The dielectric measurement data showed that the content of lanthanum determined the ferroelectric characteristics of the compounds. In each series samples, they behaved as normal ferroelectrics for small x, but all of them tended to become relaxors when x was increased. The critical value of the La content causing relaxor characteristics is different for the different BLSFs due to the difference of the number of strontium atoms in their crystal structures. The appearance of the relaxor behavior was attributed to a ferroelectric microdomain state induced by random fields.

We present a theoretical investigation on the propagation of electromagnetic waves and electron plasma waves in high energy density plasmas using the covariant Wigner function approach. Based on the covariant Wigner function and Dirac equation, a relativistic quantum kinetic model is established to describe the physical processes in high-energy density plasmas. With the zero-temperature Fermi-Dirac distribution, the dispersion relation and Landau damping of waves containing the relativistic quantum corrected terms are derived. The relativistic quantum corrections to the dispersion relation and Landau damping are analyzed by comparing our results with those obtained in classical and non-relativistic quantum plasmas. We provide a detailed discussion on the Landau damping obtained in classical plasmas, non-relativistic Fermi plasmas and relativistic Fermi plasmas. The contributions of the Bohm potential, the Fermi statistics pressure and relativistic effects to the dispersion relation and Landau damping of waves are quantitatively calculated with real plasma parameters.