Main objective of the LATE (Low Aspect ratio Torus Experiment) device is to demonstrate formation of ST plasmas by electron cyclotron heating (ECH) alone without center solenoid. By injecting a 2.45 GHz microwave pulse up to 30 kW for 4 seconds, a plasma current of 1.2 kA is spontaneously initiated under a weak steady vertical field of B v = 12 Gauss, and then ramped up with slow ramp-up of B v for the equilibrium of the plasma loop and finally reaches 6.3 kA at B v = 70 Gauss. This currents amount 10 percents of the coil currents of 60 kAT for the toroidal field. Magnetic measurements show that an ST equilibrium, having the last closed flux surface with an aspect ratio of R 0 /a 20.4 cm/14.5 cm 1.4, an elongation of κ = 1.5 and q edge = 37, has been produced and maintained for 0.5 s at the final stage of discharge. The plasma center locates near the second harmonic EC resonance layer and the line averaged electron density significantly exceeds the plasma cutoff density, suggesting that the second harmonic EC heating by the mode-converted electron Bernstein waves (EBW) support the plasma. Spontaneous formation of ST equilibria under steady B v fields, where plasma current increases rapidly in the time scale of a few milliseconds, is also effective and a plasma current of 6.8 kA is spontaneously generated and maintained at B v = 85 Gauss by a 5 GHz microwave pulse (130 kW, 60 ms).

We report comprehensive (magneto)transport studies of the two-phase state in (TMTSF) 2 ClO 4 , where superconducting (SC) phase coexists with spin-density wave insulator (SDW). By tuning the degree of ClO 4 anion ordering in controlled manner we smoothly suppress the SDW state and study resulting evolution of the SC phase spatial texture. We find that as SDW is suppressed, SC regions initially appear inside the SDW insulator in a form of filaments extended in the interlayer direction and further merge into the two-dimensional sheets across the most conducting axis of the crystal. We demonstrate that almost all our results can be explained within the soliton phase model, though with several assumptions they can also be related with the creation of non-uniform deformations. We believe that the anisotropy is intrinsic to SC/SDW coexistence in various quasi one-dimensional superconductors.

We report the observation of a Hall effect driven by orbital resonance in the quasi-1-dimensional (q1D) organic conductor (TMTSF)2ClO4. Although a conventional Hall effect is not expected in this class of materials due to their reduced dimensionality, we observed a prominent Hall response at certain orientations of the magnetic field B corresponding to lattice vectors of the constituent molecular chains, known as the magic angles (MAs). We show that this Hall effect can be understood as the response of conducting planes generated by an effective locking of the orbital motion of the charge carriers to the MA driven by an electron-trajectory resonance. This phenomenon supports a class of theories describing the rich behavior of MA phenomena in q1D materials based on altered dimensionality. Furthermore, we observed that the effective carrier density of the conducting planes is exponentially suppressed in large B, which indicates possible density wave formation.

Repeated dose toxicity (RDT) is one of the most important hazard endpoints in the risk assessment of chemicals. However, due to the complexity of the endpoints associated with whole body assessment, it is difficult to build up a mechanistically transparent structure-activity model. The category approach, based on mechanism information, is considered to be an effective approach for data gap filling for RDT by read-across. Therefore, a library of toxicological categories was developed using experimental RDT data for 500 chemicals and mechanistic knowledge of the effects of these chemicals on different organs. As a result, 33 categories were defined for 14 types of toxicity, such as hepatotoxicity, hemolytic anemia, etc. This category library was then incorporated in the Hazard Evaluation Support System (HESS) integrated computational platform to provide mechanistically reasonable predictions of RDT values for untested chemicals. This article describes the establishment of a category library and the associated HESS functions used to facilitate the mechanistically reasonable grouping of chemicals and their subsequent read-across.

Tantalum-alkyne complexes with the general formula TaCl3(R1C⋮CR2)(dme) (1a, R1 = R2 = Et; 1b, R1 = R2 = n-C5H11; 1c, R1 = Ph, R2 = Me; 1d, R1 = R2 = Ph; DME = 1,2-dimethoxyethane) were synthesized by treatment of the corresponding alkynes with a low-valent tantalum derived by reduction of tantalum pentachloride with zinc powder in a mixed solvent of toluene and DME. The DME ligand can be replaced by 2 equiv of pyridine to afford the corresponding dipyridine complexes TaCl3(R1C⋮CR2)(py)2 (2a, R1 = R2 = Et; 2b, R1 = R2 = n-C5H11; 2c, R1 = Ph, R2 = Me; 2d, R1 = R2 = Ph). Additionally, the reaction of 1a with the bidentate nitrogen ligands bipyridine and N,N,N‘,N‘-tetramethyethylenediamine (= TMEDA) gave TaCl3(EtC⋮CEt)(bipy) (3) and TaCl3(EtC⋮CEt)(tmeda) (4), respectively. The η2- and 4e-coordination mode of an alkyne with a large contribution of a metalacyclopropene canonical structure was revealed by spectroscopic methods (NMR and IR) and crystallographic analyses of 1a, 1c, 2a, and 4. The reactivies of the tantalum-3-hexyne complexes 1a, 2a, 3, and 4 toward 3-phenylpropanal were investigated. Only the pyridine complex 2a reacted with a stoichiometric amount of the aldehyde to afford the corresponding allylic alcohol in 77% yield upon hydrolysis. The reaction proceeded via an oxatantalacyclopentene species.