This study examined the influence of basketball shoe midsole inserts with different forefoot and rearfoot rebound properties on biomechanical loading and subjective perception during a side-cutting maneuver. Eleven male basketball players executed side cutting in four shoe conditions mechanically characterized for their rearfoot/forefoot rebound: compliant/compliant, springy/springy, compliant/springy, and springy/compliant. Lower extremity kinetics and kinematics (normalized to body mass), as well as subjective perception, were measured. During the weight-acceptance phase, there were no differences between shoes in all biomechanical variables, except a slightly greater ankle range of motion (1.2° greater than the other three shoes) in the frontal plane for shoe compliant/springy. During the push-off phase, shoe springy/springy led to a greater ankle plantarflexion moment (1.21 Nm/kg greater than the other three shoes, p < 0.001) and knee internal rotation moment (0.09 Nm/kg greater than the other three shoes, p = 0.012), while shoe compliant/springy resulted in a greater ankle range of motion in the frontal plane (1.4° greater than the other three shoes, p < 0.001). Perception data showed no statistically significant difference among any shoes. In conclusion, springy inserts of basketball shoe midsoles induced a biomechanical loading effect. Perception of players being unaffected indicates the importance of biomechanical evaluation to examine the effects of the given shoe modifications during side cutting.
This study examined the effectiveness of floor markings for controlling cut width during the analysis of side cutting maneuvers. Eleven male basketball players performed two side cutting maneuvers of narrow (30[Formula: see text]cm) and wide (45[Formula: see text]cm) cut widths and were guided by floor markings. Ground reaction forces, together with ankle, knee, and hip joint ranges of motion (ROM), and respective joint moments were determined. Cut widths were verified by two approaches by calculating the actual foot-to-foot and foot-to-pelvis distances from motion data. Biomechanical lower extremity loading showed no significant differences in most kinetic and kinematic variables between narrow and wide cuts. The difference in foot-to-foot distance (15.1 [11.6, 18.7] cm, [Formula: see text] between conditions corresponded well with floor markings, however, the difference in foot-to-pelvis distance was much smaller (2.3 [0.3, 4.4] cm, [Formula: see text]. It is concluded that floor markings are not sufficient for controlling the actual anatomical cut width in laboratory experiments. Participants may adjust their body postures to maintain similar lower extremity loading when performing side cuts differing in foot placement width. Cut width should be represented by foot-to-pelvis distance and not foot-to-foot distance.
<p>Zagros foreland basin is the most important oil-gas foreland basin in the world. At least 60 oil and gas fields have been found. Therefore, research in this area will enrich the petroleum geological information of the foreland basin as an important basis for oil and gas exploration. First, we conduct 2D restoration of Lorestan salient in North Zagros Mountain Belt with 2DMove to test the rationality of the equilibrium profile and understand the structural evolution of the Lorestan salient. Base on the 2D restoration, faults evolved in the ways of in-sequence and out-of-sequence, many faults have breached the cover layer from basement then produced anticline, in the earlier stage of deformation. Anaran anticline and Kabir Kuh anticline caused by the thrusts that displacement along the thrust are 5769 m and 11496 m, respectively. The Vardalan, Dareh Baneh and Naft Anticline also produced by the basement thrust later, this result suggest that surface topography and anticline are highly associated with basement thrust. Second, using the Move2017-Surface to establish the 3D structural model to observe the lateral variation of the strata, some strata have lateral variation, the Mishan formation is absent in the NW but gradually appear to the SE and the Triassic carbonates thickness decreases from almost 1000 m in the southwest to 200 m in the northeast. This reduction in thickness may associated with late Triassic normal faulting and erosion. Third, we project the earthquake on the cross section to understanding the relation between earthquake distribution and tectonic patterns. Based on the analysis of seismicity and geological profiles, earthquake focal mechanisms are mostly reverse faulting with NW&#8211;SE strikes and the distribution is over whole horizontal Zagros belt but concentrated in depth of 5~16 km. In addition, larger magnitude earthquakes mainly distribute in southwest Lorestan, it implies that it is the main regime of active tectonics.</p>
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