Eutrophication of water bodies is a serious and widespread
environmental
problem. Achieving low levels of phosphate concentration to prevent
eutrophication is one of the important goals of the wastewater engineering
and surface water management. Meeting the increasingly stringent standards
is feasible in using a phosphate-selective sorption system. This critical
review discusses the most fundamental aspects of selective phosphate
removal processes and highlights gains from the latest developments
of phosphate-selective sorbents. Selective sorption of phosphate over
other competing anions can be achieved based on their differences
in acid–base properties, geometric shapes, and metal complexing
abilities. Correspondingly, interaction mechanisms between the phosphate
and sorbent are categorized as hydrogen bonding, shape complementarity,
and inner-sphere complexation, and their representative sorbents are
organic-functionalized materials, molecularly imprinted polymers,
and metal-based materials, respectively. Dominating factors affecting
the phosphate sorption performance of these sorbents are critically
examined, along with a discussion of some overlooked facts regarding
the development of high-performance sorbents for selective phosphate
removal from water and wastewater.
In this work, lanthanum molybdate nanospheres (LMNSs) were prepared by employing a co-precipitation methodology, and their electrochemical activity against nitrofurantoin (NF) was reported.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.