Chemical components of surface films of deposited lithium on nickel substrates in electrolytes with LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 ) ͑LiTFSI͒, LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 ͑LiBETI͒, LiPF 6 solutes, and tetrahydrofuran solvents were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared, twodimensional nuclear magnetic resonance ͑2D NMR͒, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, evolved gas analysis, and ion chromatograph in order to understand the electrochemical performance of lithium imide/cyclic ether-based electrolytes. The top layers of the surface film were ROCO 2 Li, Li 2 CO 3 , polymer constituents, and LiF. The inner layers of the surface film consisted of Li 2 O and carbide species. In imide/cyclic ether-based electrolytes, Li 2 S 2 O 4 and Li 2 SO 3 as outer layers, and Li 2 S as the inner layer were formed on a nickel substrate as reductive constituents of imide solute. We found that organic surface layers consisted of lithium etoxides, lithium ethylene dicarbonate (CH 2 OCO 2 Li) 2 , polyethylene oxide, and lithium ethylene dicarbonate containing an oxyethylene unit by 1 H, 13 C, and 2D NMR. Li cycling efficiency affects not only the deposited lithium morphology but also chemical components.

Nonoperative functional treatment alone and functional treatment after primary surgical repair showed similar overall results after acute lateral ankle sprain, but functional treatment alone had an approximately 10% failure rate and a slower return to full athletic activity. The authors recommend that treatment be tailored to suit each individual athlete.

We suggest that the PPARgammaPro12Ala polymorphism may represent a genetic susceptibility factor for the clinical measurements of periodontitis in a limited number of pregnant Japanese women, but it probably cannot influence the relationship between periodontitis and preterm birth.

Purpose To elucidate surgical outcomes in pediatric/adolescent patients with chronic lateral ankle instability and os subfibulare. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted of pediatric/adolescent patients with chronic lateral ankle instability and os subfibulare following simultaneous ossicle resection and lateral ligament repair using suture anchors with subsequent immediate full weightbearing and active range of motion exercises for the ankle in our department between 2013 and 2017. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by comparing preoperative and final follow-up American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scale (AOFAS) and Karlsson-Peterson ankle function scores. Intervals between surgery and return to physical education in school were determined. Results 31 feet of 15 male and 16 female patients were examined. Mean postoperative follow-up duration was 40.7 ± 12.7 (range 24-66) months. Mean AOFAS score increased significantly from 66.3 ± 2.5 (range 62-77) preoperatively to 96.5 ± 4.9 (range 87-100) at final follow-up (p < 0.001). Mean Karlsson-Peterson score increased significantly from 51.7 ± 4.0 (range 47-70) preoperatively to 95.3 ± 6.7 (range 80-100) at final follow-up (p < 0.001). Mean interval between surgery and return to physical education in school was 11.4 ± 1.6 (range 10-18) weeks. Conclusion Simultaneous ossicle resection and lateral ligament repair using suture anchors with subsequent immediate full weightbearing and active ankle range of motion exercises may give excellent clinical outcomes with early return to physical activity for chronic lateral ankle instability with os subfibulare in pediatric/adolescent patients desiring an early return to physical activity. Level of evidence III.

In systemically healthy pregnant women, our findings suggested that the levels of maternal subgingival A. actinomycetemcomitans DNA were elevated in preeclamptic women.