In the classic split delivery vehicle routing problem, the demands of customers can be split unconditionally into pieces of any size. However, in the real-world distribution system, the customer demands consist of a set of orders on different quantities of goods. During the distribution, demands can be spitted, but orders cannot. This paper considers the vehicle routing problem with split delivery by order. It formulates the problem as an integer linear programming model, creatively applies the binary to the decimal decoder method to represent the solution, proposes a heuristic order-insertion procedure, and develops a tabu search algorithm. Using the developed algorithm, this paper tests 25 benchmark instances. According to the test results, the algorithm proposed has a small gap with the best-known solutions, but has an advantage in computing time.
Keywords: vehicle routing, discrete split delivery, ejection chains, tabu search VRP SDVRP DSDVRP Figure 1.
In the split delivery vehicle routing problem with minimum delivery amounts (SDVRP-MDA), the customer demand can be split among different distribution routes, as long as the quantity delivered to the customer each time remains above the minimum threshold. Despite saving transport cost, the split of customer demand may complicate the order processing and disturb the customer. These problems can be solved satisfactorily by the constraint of the minimum delivery amounts. Therefore, this paper puts forward an adaptive tabu search (ATS) algorithm to solve the SDVRP-MDA. Two new neighbourhood structures are adopted, the adaptive adjustment strategy involving both intensification and diversification search is introduced. The proposed method was tested on 32 standard examples, using 4 different splitting coefficients. On average, the test results only deviated from the current best solution by -0.50~0.22. A total of 94 best solutions were derived and 1 new best solution was obtained. This means our method enjoys good adaptability and robustness.
With the rapid development of the communication technology, the traditional routing algorithms which only consider functional QoS metrics are difficult to meet the needs of applications. In this paper, we propose a trusted routing algorithm to overcome this problem. First, we propose a trust evaluation model of service instances based on the Dempster-Shafer theory combined with physical layer security, and then the trusted routing algorithm is proposed by using this model to improve the traditional routing algorithms. The simulation results show that the proposed trusted routing algorithm can effectively improve the success rate of routing and the performance of the QoS metrics.
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