BackgroundPostoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication in the elderly. This retrospective study investigated the effect of intraoperative hemodynamics on the incidence of POD in elderly patients after major surgery to explore ways to reduce the incidence of POD.Material/MethodsBased on the incidence of POD, elderly patients (81±6 y) were assigned to a POD (n=137) or non-POD group (n=343) after elective surgery with total intravenous anesthesia. POD was diagnosed based on the guidelines of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), using the confusion assessment method. The hemodynamic parameters, such as mean arterial pressure, were monitored 10 min before anesthesia (baseline) and intraoperatively. The incidence of intraoperative hypertension, hypotension, tachycardia, and bradycardia were calculated.ResultsAt 30 min and 60 min after the initiation of anesthesia and at the conclusion of surgery, the monitored hemodynamic parameter values of the POD group, but not those of the non-POD group, were significantly higher than at baseline. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that intraoperative hypertension and tachycardia were significantly associated with POD.ConclusionsIntraoperative hypertension and tachycardia were significantly associated with POD. Maintaining intraoperative stable hemodynamics may reduce the incidence of POD in elderly patients undergoing surgery.
BackgroundPostoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), common in elderly patients, is thought to be closely associated with intraoperative instability of hemodynamics and excessive excretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Methoxamine is a blood-pressure increasing drug commonly used for maintaining intraoperative hemodynamics. Methoxamine potentially promotes TNF-α expression, leading to an increased risk of POCD. This study aimed to investigate the dose-dependent effect of methoxamine on the incidence of early POCD and blood TNF-α level.MethodsThis single-center prospective double-blind controlled clinical trial included a total of 300 adult patients (75–90 years old, American Society of Anesthesiologists class II–III) who underwent unilateral hip-joint replacement surgery under epidural anesthesia. Patients were randomly divided into three methoxamine groups (M1, M2, and M3), and one control group (n = 75 per group). During surgery, M1, M2, and M3 patients received intravenous infusion of methoxamine at 2, 3, or 4 μg·kg−1·min−1, respectively; the control group received saline of same volume at the same infusion rate. All patients received standard transfusion to maintain stable circulation. Hemodynamics, cardiovascular events, and serum TNF-α levels were monitored. Mini Mental State Examination was performed both before and after surgery to diagnose POCD.ResultsThe primary outcome of this study was the incidence of POCD, which was higher in the M3 group (18.7%) than in the control group (5.3%), the M1 group (6.7%), or the M2 group (6.7%) (all P < 0.05). The secondary outcomes were the postoperative blood TNF-α level and intraoperative hemodynamic parameters. The postoperative TNF-α level was found to be higher than baseline in all groups and was highest in M3 patients (P < 0.05). The intraoperative hemodynamic parameters showed improved stability in the M1 and M2 groups compared with the control group. However, in the M3 group, abnormally increased intraoperative blood pressure, cardiac output, and systolic stroke volume were observed.ConclusionsIntravenous infusion of methoxamine at 2–3 μg·kg−1·min−1 can maintain stable hemodynamics in elderly patients during epidural anesthesia for hip-joint replacement surgery, without increasing the incidence of POCD. Increasing the dose to 4 μg·kg−1·min−1 provided no further advantages but induced adverse effects on the intraoperative hemodynamics.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Register (Unique identifier: ChiCTR-INR-15007607, retrospectively registered 18 Dec 2015).
An increased incidence of cardiovascular events and sudden death occurs after an earthquake. However, the mechanism underlying this is not clear. Previous studies attributed this phenomenon to earthquake-induced elevation of sympathetic activity. This study investigated the acute cardiovascular effects of the Wenchuan earthquake on hypertensive or suspected hypertensive patients. We studied the role of earthquake-induced changes in blood pressure and heart rate in the occurrence of post-earthquake cardiovascular events. This study included 11 patients who were undergoing ambulatory blood pressure monitoring when the Wenchuan earthquake occurred. Trends in blood pressure and heart rate were analyzed, and blood pressure variability (BPV) data were obtained. The mean post-earthquake blood pressure rose rapidly from 125.8±17.3/72.1±11.9 to 150.5±20.3/98±10.6 mm Hg (average time of first measurement was 13.8±6.3 min after the first tremor), and blood pressure remained high until 6 h after the earthquake. Nighttime blood pressure declined to the mean pre-earthquake daytime levels. The mean daytime blood pressure after the earthquake was greater than the pre-earthquake daytime mean (systolic blood pressure: 138.9±14.6 vs. 129.5±13.6 mm Hg, P¼0.009; diastolic blood pressure (DBP): 81.8±13.1 vs. 76.9±11.9 mm Hg, P¼0.011). Pre-and post-earthquake BPV differed among individuals, but circadian variation was absent in all cases and nightly decreases were less than 10%. These data strongly suggest that significant post-earthquake elevation of blood pressure and abnormal circadian variation of blood pressure are related to the occurrence of post-earthquake cardiovascular events.
BackgroundTo evaluate intranasal administration of butorphanol on postoperative pain and early postoperative cognitive dysfunction in old patients undergoing H-uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (H-UPPP).MethodsA total of 260 male patients (65 to 77 years old) with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome and scheduled for H-UPPP were divided randomly to receive intranasal butorphanol, intravenous butorphanol, intranasal fentanyl, or intravenous saline (controls). The definition of preemptive analgesia is that the tested drugs are given before anesthesia induction. Visual analog scale (VAS) and Bruggrmann comfort scale (BCS) scores were recorded at postoperative 1, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48 h. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) was evaluated by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores assessed one day before, and 1, 3, and 7 days postsurgery.ResultsCompared with control group, those given preemptive analgesia required significantly less sufentanil during surgery, had less pain at postoperative 6–12 h; those given butorphanol experienced less nausea and vomiting, less pain at postoperative 6–24 h, and less POCD. Compared with patients given fentanyl, those given butorphanol required significantly less postoperative fentanyl, had less pain at postoperative 18–24 h, less nausea and vomiting, and less POCD. Compared with patients given intravenous butorphanol, those who received butorphanol by nasal route required significantly less postoperative fentanyl, had less pain at 36 and 48 h, and less POCD.ConclusionIntranasal administration of butorphanol is safe and effective, reducing postoperative usage of analgesics and the incidence of POCD in old patients undergoing H-UPPP.Trial registrationChiCTR-TRC-14004121.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.