Preparasi zeolit dari abu laying batu bara PLTU Suralaya secara alkali hidrotermal telah dilakukan. Preparasi dilakukan terhadap abu laying yang telah direfluks dengan HCl 1M dan tanpa refluks. Larutan NaOH dengan konsentrasi tertentu (1, 2 dan 3 M) dicampur dengan abu laying batu bara dengan rasio 10 ml larutan tiap 1 gram abu laying, ke dalam tabung Teflon 100 ml dalam suatu auto clave stainless-steel. Autoclave kemudian dipanaskan pada temperatur 80-16 0C selama 3 hari. Zeolit sintesis yang dihasilkan selanjutnya diuji secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan spektroskopi inframerah., dan Difraksi Sinar-X. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivasi abu laying dengan proses alkali hidrotermal dapat material yang mempunyai struktur mirip zeolit (zeolit-like). Produk hidrotermal terdiri dari campuran zeolit ( Zeolit P, Zeolit Y) serta Kristal sodalit dan mulit. Pada temperatur 160 0C, diperoleh zeolit dengan kristalinitas lebih tinggi daripada 100 0C, baik melalui refluks atau tanpa refluks. Karakteristik zeolit yang terbentuk sangat ditentukan oleh kondisi proses, yang meliputi konsentrasi NaOH, waktu dan temperatur.Kata kunci : abu layang batu bara, alkali hidrotermal, preparasi, karakterisasi, zeolit
The bio-oil produced from pyrolysis of woody biomass typically shows unfavourable characteristics such as high acidity, hence it becomes highly corrosive. An upgrading process, e.g., esterification, is necessary to improve the bio-oil quality prior to its use as a transportation fuel. In this work, the bio-oil was produced through a fast pyrolysis of Sengon wood in a fixed-bed pyrolyser at various temperatures. The characteristics (density, viscosity, total acid number, relative concentration of acetic acid, etc.) of the bio-oil were evaluated. The bio-oil with the highest acidity underwent an esterification catalysed by Indonesian natural zeolites at 70 oC for 0-180 min with a ratio of bio-oil to methanol of 1:3. The catalytic performance of the Indonesian natural zeolites during the esterification was investigated. A significant decrease in the total acid number in the bio-oil was observed, indicating the zeolite catalyst’s good performance. No significant coke formation (0.002-3.704 wt.%) was obtained during the esterification. An interesting phenomenon was observed; a significant decrease in the total acid number was found in the heating up of the bio-oil in the presence of the catalyst but in the absence of methanol. Possibly, other reactions catalysed by the Brønsted and Lewis acids at the zeolite catalyst surface also occurred during the esterification.
The study of Mg(OH)2 from seawater bittern as an adsorbent for Congo red (CR) from an aqueous solution has been performed. This study aimed to determine the effect of pH, contact time, and initial CR concentration on CR adsorption by Mg(OH)2. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of CR on Mg(OH)2 in an aqueous solution were also studied. The optimum adsorption was obtained at pH 8 within 90 minutes of contact time with an adsorption capacity of 46.3 mg/g for an initial CR concentration of 29 mg/L. The adsorption process followed the Freundlich isotherm model with an n value of 2.579 and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with a k2 value of 0.0021 g mg−1min−1.
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