This article is a critical review of quality assurance in higher education in Africa with the purpose of identifying recent results, challenges still to be faced, and actions required to forcefully move towards the construction of an African higher education and research space (AHERS). The article identifies factors responsible for the decline in quality and proposes an integrated and holistic conceptual framework for analysing quality assurance. It reviews the various initiatives implemented in recent years and identifies, among the results, the establishment of new quality assurance agencies, the creation of a regional quality assurance system in East Africa, the strengthening of institutional development capacities, and capacity building in competencies-based curriculum reform. Challenges include the limited human capacity of quality assurance agencies, ineffectiveness in implementing harmonisation strategies, and the lack of tools required to compare qualifications. The article concludes with recommendations on promoting student and staff mobility to help realise the creation of AHERS.Cet article est une critique de l'assurance qualité de l'enseignement supérieur en Afrique. Il a pour objectif d'identifier les récentes études, about the authors: juma shabani is Chargé de mission for Higher Education, United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Division of Teacher Development and Higher Education. Address queries to him at j.shabani@unesco.org. peter okebukola is President of the Global University Network for Innovation (GUNI)-Africa. Address queries to him at pokebukola@ yahoo.com. olusola oyewole is Vice Chancellor at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Address queries to him at oyewoleb@yahoo.com. acknowledgements: We are grateful to Professor M. Nkunya and Dr . J. Cosam for the information provided on the Inter-University Council for East Africa.
shabani, okebukola, & oyewoleThis article critically reviews progress made in implementing recommendations made at the 2009 World Conference on Higher Education relating to the quality of higher education and quality assurance regimes in Africa, identifies challenges faced in achieving these recommendations, and proposes some actions that should be taken to move forcefully forward in constructing an African higher education and research space.The article first recalls the factors responsible for the decline in quality of higher education since the 1980s, briefly presents factors related to the rapid increase in student enrolments in Francophone countries, and reviews the poor quality of students admitted to some universities.It then presents a conceptual framework for analysing quality assurance in higher education in an integrated and holistic way. It also discusses the relationships between the world university rankings and the quality of African universities with the related question of the quality of research and knowledge production.The third part reviews the major initiatives that have been launc...
Using the theory of self-adjoint extensions of symmetric operators the precise mathematical definition of the quantum Hamiltonian describing a finite number of {j interactions with supports on concentric spheres is given. Its resolvent is also derived, its spectral properties are described, and it is shown how this Hamiltonian can be obtained as a norm resolvent limit of a family oflocal scaled short-range Hamiltonians.
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