The effects of uniform vorticity on a train of 'gentle' and 'steep' deep-water waves interacting with underlying flows are investigated through a fully nonlinear boundary integral method. It is shown that wave blocking and breaking can be more prominent depending on the magnitude and direction of the shear flow. Reflection continues to occur when sufficiently strong adverse currents are imposed on 'gentle' deep-water waves, though now affected by vorticity. For increasingly positive values of vorticity, the induced shear flow reduces the speed of right-going progressive waves, introducing significant changes to the free-surface profile until waves are completely blocked by the underlying current. A plunging breaker is formed at the blocking point when 'steep' deep-water waves interact with strong adverse currents. Conversely negative vorticities augment the speed of right-going progressive waves, with wave breaking being detected for strong opposing currents. The time of breaking is sensitive to the vorticity's sign and magnitude, with wave breaking occurring later for negative values of vorticity. Stopping velocities according to nonlinear wave theory proved to be sufficient to cause wave blocking and breaking.

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Abstract. A classification method with multi-temporal images of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) combined with Geographic information system, geoinformation data, and field validation, was applied for wetland mapping accuracy and typology. Wetland mapping is vital for management and conservation, particularly under environmental pressures such as wetland drainage and land reclamation. The aim of this study is to develop an accurate mapping of wetlands and open water systems of the Lower Doce River Valley - LDRV (Southeastern Brazil) with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery, using multitemporal classification techniques and ground truth validation. Sentinel-1B SAR imagery from 2016 and 2019 was processed with Google Earth Engine (GEE). Monthly median imagery condition for the rainy season was obtained and K-means unsupervised classification was applied. The study yields 4,157 wetlands, 262.27 km2 with predominant small patches. Fieldwork revealed three main wetlands categories: coastal wetlands, inland wetlands and artificial wetlands. The results have shown an overall accuracy of 81.9% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.71. Wetlands, non-wetlands, and open waters classes present accuracy of 50, 80 and 95%, respectively.

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A eficiência do tratamento em uma unidade de contato está intimamente relacionada com os padrões de escoamento no seu interior. Entretanto, devido a dificuldades em medir escoa- RESUMOO desempenho de unidades de contato que operam em regime de fluxo contínuo depende, entre outros, do padrão de escoamento que se desenvolve no seu interior. Já o levantamento de dados experimentais, como a elevação da superfície d´água e do campo de velocidades, não é uma tarefa fácil. Por tais razões, o uso de modelos numéricos na obtenção de padrões de escoamento em unidades de contato tem se tornado uma boa alternativa. A falta de dados hidrodinâmicos para a calibração e verificação de modelos numéricos tem sido um dos principais fatores que vem limitando o uso mais extensivo dessa ferramenta. O presente trabalho propõe uma nova técnica de calibração de modelo numérico, baseada no ajuste de curvas de passagem obtidas pelo modelo numérico e as obtidas experimentalmente ao longo das unidades de contato. A metodologia proposta é parcialmente avaliada e os resultados indicam ser essa uma técnica bastante promissora. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Unidades de contato, modelagem numérica, hidrodinâmica, calibração de modelo, traçadores. ABSTRACT

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