The most commonly used explosives, for civil purposes, in construction and mining are Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO) and explosive emulsions. Both are ammonium nitrate-based and detonate under the same chemical reaction between nitrate and mineral oil, given that the ANFO is composed of tiny grains of porous nitrate with diffused oil, and the emulsion is in the form of a liquid, continuous, viscous phase oily and the discontinuous aqueous phase. The study of parameters that measure explosive performance is fundamental to understanding the behavior of the explosion. Important parameters are the speed and pressure of detonation, the heat of the blast (energy), and the volume of gas produced. These properties help judge whether a particular explosive is convenient or not for the situation in question because, in some applications, high speed is required to increase the capacity of fragmentation, for example, when you want to fragment hard rocks. However, there is no need to fragment in some moments but to displace. Other properties, such as gas volume, become more relevant in such cases.
Os explosivos mais utilizados, para fins civis, na construção e mineração são o óleo combustível de nitrato de amônio (ANFO) e as emulsões explosivas. Ambos são à base de nitrato de amônio e detonam sob a mesma reação química entre nitrato e óleo mineral, uma vez que o ANFO é composto de minúsculos grãos de nitrato poroso com óleo difuso, e a emulsão está na forma de uma fase líquida, contínua, viscosa e oleosa e a fase aquosa descontínua. O estudo de parâmetros que medem o desempenho explosivo é fundamental para compreender o comportamento da explosão. Parâmetros importantes são a velocidade e pressão de detonação, o calor da explosão (energia), e o volume de gás produzido. Estas propriedades ajudam a julgar se um determinado explosivo é conveniente ou não para a situação em questão, pois, em algumas aplicações, é necessária alta velocidade para aumentar a capacidade de fragmentação, por exemplo, quando se deseja fragmentar rochas duras. Entretanto, não há necessidade de fragmentar em alguns momentos, mas de deslocar. Outras propriedades, como o volume de gás, tornam-se mais relevantes em tais casos.
The most commonly used explosives, for civil purposes, in construction and mining are Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO) and explosive emulsions. Both are ammonium nitrate-based and detonate under the same chemical reaction between nitrate and mineral oil, given that the ANFO is composed of tiny grains of porous nitrate with diffused oil, and the emulsion is in the form of a liquid, continuous, viscous phase oily and the discontinuous aqueous phase. The study of parameters that measure explosive performance is fundamental to understanding the behavior of the explosion. Important parameters are the speed and pressure of detonation, the heat of the blast (energy), and the volume of gas produced. These properties help judge whether a particular explosive is convenient or not for the situation in question because, in some applications, high speed is required to increase the capacity of fragmentation, for example, when you want to fragment hard rocks. However, there is no need to fragment in some moments but to displace. Other properties, such as gas volume, become more relevant in such cases.
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