Knowledge of the population fluctuation of a pest in an orchard allows the producer preventing and making use of techniques that control the insect pest before it causes economic damages. The objective of the present work was to verify fruit fly species population dynamics in a commercial of Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) orchard in the Curimataú microregion of Paraíba, also to characterize the community of fruit flies through faunistic analysis as well. Fruits were collected biweekly, the total was 24 collections between August 2014 and July 2015 in the municipality of Nova Floresta-PB. Fruits were preferentially collected mature or at the beginning of maturation, differentiating fruits harvested on the soil, plants, and through PET traps containing different food attractants. After collection, fruits were kept in plastic trays filled with a layer of two centimeters of sterilized sand and covered with fabric ‘voil’. The trays were labeled with the field data and placed in a greenhouse. Past the period of 15-25 days the fruits, already in the stage of decomposition were examined in order to collect pupae and larvae of 3rd instar. A total of 462 specimens of fruit flies were collected in 12 months sampling period, they were collected from fruits gathered from the ground and from the tree, and through trapping, being 209 males and 253 females, all collected in P. guajava. From the results obtained during the sampling period, a total of four species were recorded by fruit collection and six species by a trap. A new specimen of Anastrepha was found that there was no register in Paraíba yet, Anastrepha hadropickeli Canal, Uramoto and Zucchi (2013), as well as a Rhagoletis sp. (Loew).
Fruit flies are considered an important fruit pest for world fruit production because they cause significant losses to the production and limit fruit free transport due to quarantine restrictions imposed by importing countries. Fruit flies population dynamics knowledge of a particular region is an important factor in the management of this pest. Traps are devices created to attract and capture flies by sexual attraction or food attraction, both put inside the trap. It reduces fruit flies population in the orchard, decreasing the pressure and chances of an infestation. This research aimed to evaluate the efficiency of food baits in the fruit flies capture on guava plant culture, in order to establish an adequate program for this pest in the municipality of Nova Floresta – PB. Monitoring of the adult fruit-fly was performed with aid of plastic traps of the type PET bottle 330 mL of Bio Anastrepha® 5.0%, 440 mL of sugarcane molasses diluted to 10.0% and 520 mL of 30.0% fruit juice (guava). The traps were installed in the central part of the trees, approximately 1.50 m above ground. Every 15 days adult fruit flies were caught, the occasion that food baits were replaced. From these data were evaluated: efficiency of food baits, MAD index (flies/trap/day) and food baits cost-benefit analysis. The best food attractant at the lowest cost was Bio Anastrepha® at 5.0%, with a catch margin of 63.83%, followed by fruit juice at 30.0% and sugarcane molasses at 10.0%, with 34.04% and 2.13%, respectively.
Biological aspects of wild and laboratory-reared populations of Cotesia flavipes was assessed parasitizing Diatraea saccharalis and Diatraea flavipennella. The experiments were conducted using a climate-controlled room adjusted to 26 ± 2 °C, relative humidity of 70 ± 10%, and 12:12 h (Light: Dark) photoperiod. The choice and no-choice tests were run using arenas holding infested pieces of stalks with parasitoid release inside the arena and allowed a searching time of 6 h. After this period, the stalks were opened and the larvae single reared until molting to pupa or forming parasitoid pupae. An experimental design completely randomized in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement was performed. The wild population of C. flavipes exhibited preference and better performance parasitizing D. flavipennella. Research to evaluate the parasitism efficiency and quality of the parasitoids crossing wild and laboratory populations of C. flavipes is necessary to enhance field release success.
A importância da cana de açúcar (Saccharum spp.) na produção do Brasil é muito alta, porém o surgimento de insetos praga como Diatraea saccharalis e Diatraea flavipennella, causa um dano à cultura que prejudica sua produtividade. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar diferentes dietas de fonte proteica nas criações das lagartas D. saccharalis e D. flavipennella para melhorar tecnicamente sua produção massal, em diferentes temperaturas. O trabalho foi realizado no Laboratório de Invertebrados, DB – CCA – UFPB. Fases imaturas de D. saccharalis foram doadas pela Estação Experimental de Camaratuba – PB, e as larvas de D. flavipennella foram doadas pelo Laboratório de Entomologia da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, para estabelecer as criações. Os ensaios foram efetivados em condições controladas por B.O.D., com duas temperaturas (25±2 e 30±2ºC), umidade relativa de 70±10% e foto período de 12 h, além de cinco dietas com composições proteicas diferentes. Foram analisados: duração do ciclo de vida do inseto, período dos estágios larval, pupal e adulto; viabilidade de ovos, larvas e pupa; razão sexual; período de pré-oviposição, número de ovos e postura, fecundidade, período embrionário; comprimento das larvas/instar, diâmetro da cápsula cefálica das larvas/instar, comprimento e peso das pupas, e peso de larvas de 3º instar. De acordo com os resultados obtidos pôde observar que a temperatura de 30ºC reduziu o ciclo de vida da espécie D. saccharalis. Apenas duas das cinco dietas estudadas foram viáveis para o desenvolvimento de D. saccharalis e D. flavipennella. Constatou-se um alto índice de mortalidade das espécies nas cinco dietas.
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