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Background: In Chile, the clinical guidelines “for the treatment of people from first episode of schizophrenia” aim to support individuals with schizophrenia to live independently, establishment occupational goals, and gain an adequate quality of life and social interaction. This requires the implementation of a treatment model that integrates psychosocial and pharmacological dimensions. Community intervention strategies ensure the achievement of these goals.Objectives: This study compiles and synthesizes available scientific evidence from the last 14 years on the effectiveness of community intervention strategies for schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders.Methodology: An electronic search was carried out using PUBMED, LILACS, and Science Direct as databases.Criteria of inclusion: (i) randomized clinical trials, (ii) Community-based interventions, (iii) diagnosis of schizophrenia or related psychotic disorder (section F2 of ICD-10). Exclusion Criteria: (i) treatments exclusively pharmacological, (ii) interventions carried out in inpatient settings, (iii) bipolar affective disorder or substance-induced psychosis (greater than 50% of sample).Results: Sixty-six articles were reviewed. Community strategies for integrated treatment from the first outbreak of schizophrenia significantly reduced negative and psychotic symptoms, days of hospitalization, and comorbidity with substance abuse and improved global functioning and adherence to treatment. In other stages, there were improved outcomes in negative and positive symptoms and general psychopathology. Psychoeducation for patients and families reduced the levels of self-stigma and domestic abuse, as well as improved knowledge of the disease and treatment adherence. Training focused on cognitive, social, and labor skills has been shown to improve yields in social functioning and employment status.Conclusion: Community-based intervention strategies are widely supported in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia.

Resumen: Las enfermedades mentales son comunes, crónicas y discapacitantes, y representan un problema de salud pública importante en nuestro país y en todo el mundo. Para las enfermedades mentales más comunes, disponemos actualmente de intervenciones médicas y psicosociales con eficacia probada. Sin embargo, estas aún son insuficientes, y su disponibilidad no se condice con la alta morbilidad y mortalidad que encontramos para las enfermedades mentales. En respuesta a esto, en los últimos 15 años se ha realizado un esfuerzo considerable para desarrollar técnicas de detección temprana, para personas con alto riesgo clínico de desarrollo de enfermedad mental, e intervenciones precoces para prevenir o retrasar la progresión a la enfermedad completa. Un mayor énfasis en la salud mental y la integración de la atención a la salud mental en todos los programas de desarrollo pertinentes, fortalecerán el esfuerzo general de desarrollo, así como garantizará, por primera vez, la atención sostenida de la inversión y la investigación al principal contribuyente mundial de la pérdida de productividad y carga de enfermedad. Palabras clave: prevención, intervención temprana, salud mental Prevention and early interventions in mental health: an international perspectiveAbstract: Mental diseases are common, chronic and disabling, representing a problem in public health of importance in our country and in the world. For most common mental diseases, currently we dispose of medical and psycho social interventions with proven efficacy. Nevertheless, these are not sufficient yet, and their availability does not diminish the morbidity and mortality produced by mental diseases. In order to solve this, a considerable effort has been carried out in the last 15 years to develop techniques of early detection for persons with high clinical risk to develop mental illness and precocious interventions to prevent or delay the progression of full illness. A greater emphasis in mental health and integrating mental health care in all relevant development programs will strengthen the general development effort, as well as it will ensure, for the first time, sustained attention to investment and research to the main world contributor to loss of productivity and disease burden. Prevenção e intervenções precoces em saúde mental: uma perspectiva internacionalResumo: As enfermidades mentais são comuns, crônicas e descapacitantes, e representam um problema de saúde pública importante em nosso país e em todo o mundo. Para as enfermidades mentais mais comuns dispomos atualmente de intervenções médicas e psicossociais com eficácia comprovada. Entretanto, estas ainda são insuficientes, e sua disponibilidade não condiz com a alta morbidade e mortalidade que encontramos para as enfermidades mentais. Em resposta a isto, nos últimos 15 anos foi realizado um esforço considerável para desenvolver técnicas de detecção precoce para pessoas com alto risco clínico de desenvolvimento de enfermidade mental, e intervenções precoces para prevenir ou atrasar a progressão da enf...

La invención de la electroencefalografía (EEG) marcó un hito histórico tecnológico/metodológico que posicionó a la actividad eléctrica cerebral de gran escala como nuevo objeto epistemológico para el estudio de fenómenos cognitivos, inaugurando la subdisciplina de la Electrofisiología Cognitiva. Este documenta una historia breve de la Electrofisiología Cognitiva, desde los orígenes de la Electrofisiología Cognitiva, su apogeo científico/social en la década del 1980, hasta la invención de la resonancia magnética funcional. Posteriormente, revisamos aspectos metodológicos y teóricos predominantes en la literatura respecto al potencial relacionado a eventos (event related potential, ERP). Además, se provee software para computar ERP y datos de muestra.Actualmente, las señales neurofisiológicas humanas adquiridas no-invasivamente siguen siendo una de las principales formas de estudiar correlatos neurales de fenómenos cognitivos. El presente trabajo busca promover las herramientas necesarias para el entendimiento sobre la computación e interpretación de estas señales cerebrales.