Previous research on virtue development through sports participation has produced mixed findings; some studies find participation increases symptoms of mental illness and antisocial behaviors (Fauth, Roth, & Brooks-Gunn, 2007;Kavussanu, Boardley, Sagar, & Ring, 2013), whereas other studies find that participation increases mental health and prosocial behaviors (Flanagan & Bundick, 2011;Flanagan & Levine, 2010). Few studies examine the processes that lead to virtue development through sports participation. We examine how positive and negative forms of religiousness are associated with the virtue of patience versus anxiety. Pathways by which the virtue of patience can be fostered or inhibited were examined in an elite athlete sample composed of emerging and young adults (N ϭ 97). Path analysis showed intrinsic religiousness is indirectly related to higher patience through meaning and cognitive reappraisal. Conversely, view of the divine as perfectionistically critical is indirectly related to higher anxiety through self-worth contingent on performance and fear of failure.
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