Summary 0The sources of propagules for regeneration in an acidic grassland were identi_ed from analysis of di}erences in colonization between plots subject to surface "9Ð4 cm# soil disturbance and plots where surface soil had been replaced by {seed!free| soil from deeper soil horizons "29Ð24 cm#\ and between plots with and without the removal of rabbit pellets[ 1 After 0 year\ 09 species had a signi_cantly higher cover on plots where the seed bank had been left intact[ These included A`rostis capillaris "the dominant species prior to disturbance#\ Myosotis arvensis and Veronica arvensis[ 2 Five species\ including Sa`ina apetala\ Senecio jacobaea and Veronica arvensis\ showed signi_cantly higher cover on plots where rabbit pellets were left in situ[ 3 From calculations it appeared that rabbit!dispersed seeds accounted for 04) of the developing higher plant cover\ other means of dispersal from outside the plot accounted for 39)\ and regeneration from the seed bank accounted for 34)[ 4 Similar calculations suggested that three higher plant species\ Geranium molle\ Myosotis arvensis and Senecio jacobaea\ appeared to depend most on non!rabbit dispersed seed for colonization of bare ground[ 5 High concentrations of Urtica dioica in pellets contrasted with its poor establishment in the experiment[ However\ the other common species in the pellets\ Sa`ina apetala\ Senecio jacobaea and Veronica arvensis\ all established in greater numbers on the plots where the pellets were not removed[ 6 Seed bank content correlated well with the pattern of regeneration for A`rostis capillaris\ Holcus lanatus\ Myosotis arvensis and Veronica arvensis[ However\ removal of the seed bank did not have a signi_cant e}ect on the regeneration of either of the most common species in the seed bank\ Rumex acetosella and Sa`ina apetala[ 7 No species appeared to be reliant on only one mechanism for regeneration from seed in disturbed areas in this community[ Keywords] endozoochory\ rabbit grazing\ secondary succession\ seed dispersal Journal of Ecology "0887# 75\ 0921Ð0930

Health and social care professionals are more likely to hold negative attitudes towards people with a diagnosis of personality disorder than toward people with other mental health diagnoses. Negative attitudes have also been found to adversely impact care and service provision. This review sought to systemically evaluate training aimed at improving professional attitudes towards people with a diagnosis of personality disorder. Electronic databases PsychINFO, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and ProQuest were searched, and 19 articles were identified. Results show that training is effective and that improvements tend to be maintained. The results suggest that (1) co-production with people with personal experience of a personality disorder diagnosis, (2) communicating a psychological model to participants, and (3) teaching participants clinical skills for use in their work improve effectiveness. Further research in the form of randomized controlled trials that use validated measures and follow-up participants for at least 6 months is needed.

Adolescent substance misuse is increasingly being viewed as a systemic problem and several studies have shown the benefit of increased parental involvement. This article describes the evaluation of a ten‐week Non‐Violent Resistance (NVR) group parent training programme delivered within a Young People’s Specialist Substance Misuse Treatment Service. Eighteen participants completed questionnaires before and after the programme, and at follow‐up. Eight participants also took part in semi‐structured interviews. Parents reported experiencing the programme as unique and helpful, and highlighted some challenges. Measures of parental self‐efficacy and goal‐based outcomes showed significant improvement at the end of the programme, and improvement in parental self‐efficacy remained significant at follow‐up. This evaluation provides preliminary evidence that NVR parent training may be a useful intervention in this context. However, the generalisability of the data is limited and further research is needed. Practitioner points Non‐Violent Resistance parent training helps parents resist their child’s behaviour, manage their own emotional reactions, and recruit supporters from their wider network Qualitative data suggests that parents who have attended this programme experience additional benefits to those found in qualitative evaluations of other parenting interventions A group training programme delivered within a Young People’s Specialist Substance Misuse Treatment Service improves parents’ self‐efficacy and helps them achieve their goals for their children

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NICE guidelines state that adults experiencing a first episode of psychosis should access psychological input within two weeks of referral (NICE, 2016). In the Mid-Essex Early Intervention Psychosis Team, clients can book up to four sessions of assessment and brief intervention when first referred and feel ready to access the Early Psychological Intervention Clinic (EPIC). Following this, clients can be referred for further psychological intervention should they want or require this. This service evaluation aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of EPIC sessions by comparing the CORE-OM (Evans et al., 2009) outcome measure pre- and post-EPIC and collecting qualitative feedback using a structured interview with open-ended questions. The results showed clinically significant improvements for 45 per cent of clients. Paired T-Tests revealed statistically significant improvement in the overall clinical score and all subsections of the CORE, suggesting EPIC sessions are effective in improving wellbeing, functioning, symptoms and reducing risk. Furthermore, qualitative feedback showed that clients who completed EPIC tended to have good experiences and be motivated to work psychologically. The results of the service evaluation suggest EPIC sessions are beneficial to clients and help improve overall wellbeing, producing clinically and statistically significant outcomes. Clients also reported them being a helpful experience. Therefore, EPIC provides favourable outcomes to the service which suggests it should continue to be offered to clients. Limitations and ideas for service improvement are discussed.