RESUMEN: Se estudió la presencia de macrohongos en troncos caídos de roble en dos bosques montanos neotropicales en Costa Rica durante los años 2008-2012. Se seleccionó un bosque maduro (aprox. de 200 años) y uno en proceso de regeneración (32 años). Se identificaron 181 taxones (80 especies y 101 morfoespecies). Un número similar de especies se presentó en ambos bosques, aunque la composición de éstas fue diferente en cada uno. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, se sugiere que los porcentajes de especies diferentes y compartidas para cada bosque, pueden representar cada uno un tercio de la diversidad presente en estos bosques. Xylobolus subpileatus e Hymenochaete rubiginosa fueron las especies más comunes. Varias especies de hongos ectomicorrízicos se encontraron sobre los troncos caídos, pertenecientes principalmente a los géneros Inocybe, Cortinarius, Laccaria, Leccinum y Russula. Se discute la relación entre la aparición de los cuerpos fructíferos y las condiciones ambientales presentes durante el periodo de estudio; así como la importancia de la conservación de estos bosques en procesos de regeneración. Palabras clave: macrohongos de la madera, macrohongos en troncos caídos, bosque neotropical montano de roble, diversidad fúngica, dinámica de hongos, robles, Costa Rica, conservación. ABSTRACT:The presence of macrofungi on dead oak wood was studied in two neotropical montane forests in Costa Rica during 2008-2012. The two sites chosen for the study were a mature forest (approx. 200 yr. old) and a secondary forest (32 yr. old). One hundred and eighty-one taxa (80 species and 101 morpho species) were identified. A similar number of species was present in both forests, but there were some differences in the species composition of each forest. According to the results, it is suggested that the percentage of different and shared species could each represent a third of the diversity present in these forests. Xylobolus subpileatus and Hymenochaete rubiginosa were the most common species in both forests. Several ectomycorrhizal species were found growing on logs, and the genera most commonly found were: Inocybe, Cortinarius, Laccaria, Leccinum and Russula. The relationship between fungal fructifications and the environmental conditions present during the
This study was conducted in a natural regeneration area of Pinus patula to evaluate the effect of weed competition on photosynthetically active radiation, soil water content, and plant water potential in a two year-old Pinus patula seedlings. Using a complete randomized experimental design trhee treatments of weed control, consisting in manual weed control every two, four and six months, were tested against no weed control. Results indicated that a high weed density in the stand decreased the soil water moisture, the low levels of water negatively affecting the water potential in Pinus patula seedlings, particularly during the dry season. A high weed density caused a dramatic reduction of the photosynthetically active radiation reaching the soil, thus increasing the light competition between pine seedlings and weeds.
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