High‐efficiency perovskite‐based solar cells can be fabricated via either solution‐processing or vacuum‐based thin‐film deposition. However, both approaches limit the choice of materials and the accessible device architectures, due to solvent incompatibilities or possible layer damage by vacuum techniques. To overcome these limitations, the lamination of two independently processed half‐stacks of the perovskite solar cell is presented in this work. By laminating the two half‐stacks at an elevated temperature (≈90 °C) and pressure (≈50 MPa), the polycrystalline perovskite thin‐film recrystallizes and the perovskite/charge transport layer (CTL) interface forms an intimate electrical contact. The laminated perovskite solar cells with tin oxide and nickel oxide as CTLs exhibit power conversion efficiencies of up to 14.6%. Moreover, they demonstrate long‐term and high‐temperature stability at temperatures of up to 80 °C. This freedom of design is expected to access both novel device architectures and pairs of CTLs that remain usually inaccessible.
Perovskite/silicon tandem photovoltaics have attracted enormous attention in science and technology over recent years. In order to improve the performance and stability of the technology, new materials and processes need to be investigated. However, the established sequential layer deposition methods severely limit the choice of materials and accessible device architectures. In response, a novel lamination process that increases the degree of freedom in processing the top perovskite solar cell (PSC) is proposed. The very first prototypes of laminated monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells with stable power output efficiencies of up to 20.0% are presented. Moreover, laminated single‐junction PSCs are on par with standard sequential layer deposition processed devices in the same architecture. The numerous advantages of the lamination process are highlighted, in particular the opportunities to engineer the perovskite morphology, which leads to a reduction of non‐radiative recombination losses and and an enhancement in open‐circuit voltage (Voc). Laminated PSCs exhibit improved stability by retaining their initial efficiency after 1‐year aging and show good thermal stability under prolonged illumination at 80 °C. This lamination approach enables the research of new architectures for perovskite‐based photovoltaics and paves a new route for processing monolithic tandem solar cells even with a scalable lamination process.
Planar heterostructures are widely used in commercial III-V semiconductor lasers, but not yet explored for perovskite gain media. This study investigates the gain performance of a CsPbBr 3 (BABr) x /CsPbBr 3 (quasi-2D/3D) perovskite planar heterostructure fabricated by lamination. The resulting heterostructure is designed to enhance the photon and excited-state density in a nonquantum-confined thin 3D layer (30 nm) by simultaneously 1) confining the optical mode and 2) supporting excited-state transfer from the wider-bandgap quasi-2D perovskite to the lower-bandgap 3D perovskite. This allows the low amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) threshold of 150 (±20) µJ cm −2 and lasing threshold of 46 (±15) µJ cm −2 to be realized in such a heterostructure under nanosecond pumping. Further modeling reveals that the ASE performance can be significantly improved via maximizing the excited-state transfer efficiency (only 14% for current prototypes) and highlights the potential of perovskite planar heterostructures as high-performance gain media.
In nanoimprint lithography (NIL), the imprinting stamp's fabrication is still a significant cost factor among the consumables. Bottom‐up lithography approaches based on a phase‐separation of polymer blends can provide a cost‐effective route for fabricating these stamps. Today's polymers used to prepare phase‐separated nanostructures (PSN), however, exhibit low glass transition temperatures. As a result, the PSN are prone to in‐plane stamp distortions in the presence of high imprinting pressure and temperature, limiting their practical relevance for NIL. Here, the realization of mechanically and thermally stable PSN‐based imprinting stamps for NIL systems via a phase‐separation of a homopolymer/inorganic–organic hybrid polymer blend is reported. It is demonstrated that these imprinting stamps are easily tunable and scalable by adjusting the formulation of homopolymer/hybrid polymer mixture and deposition conditions. Feature sizes in PSN ranging from a few μm down to 100 nm are achieved through an interplay of these factors. As demonstrations of the envisioned applications, the developed imprinting stamps are integrated into a roll‐to‐roll NIL system for patterning a polystyrene thin‐film. Moreover, light management is demonstrated by nanopatterning of a perovskite semiconductor in plate‐to‐plate process. The nanopatterned perovskite film achieves an integrated absorption and a photoluminescence emission peak increase of 7%rel and 121%rel, respectively.
Polyhandicap is characterized by a combination of profound intellectual disability and serious motor deficit, resulting in the extreme restriction of autonomy and communication. The aim of the EVAL-PLH (EVALuation PoLyHandicap) study is to identify the impact of socioeconomic, environmental, and epidemiological determinants on the health status of the persons with polyhandicap and the daily lives of their caregivers. EVAL-PLH is a prospective cohort study. The study involved persons with severe polyhandicap (who were cared for at reeducation centers, residential facilities, and one specialized pediatric/neurological department of a university hospital), their familial caregivers and the institutional caregivers. Data collection included sociodemographics, heath status, and psychocomportemental information. Data have been collected at 2 points (2015-2016 and 2020-2021). The French EVAL-PLH cohort is the first cohort study focusing on persons with polyhandicap, their families, and the health care workers caring for them. The sustainability of the device is essential to assist patients, families, clinicians, and health decision-making authorities in the optimization of care management.
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