No abstract

Objective: To investigate the effect of weight loss on balance control in obese and morbid obese men. Methods: In a longitudinal and clinical intervention study, postural stability was measured with a force platform before and after weight loss in men. Weight loss was obtained in obese men (mean body mass index (BMI) ¼ 33.0 kg/m 2 ) by hypocaloric diet until resistance and in morbid obese men (mean BMI ¼ 50.5 kg/m 2 ) by bariatric surgery. Morbid obese men were tested before surgery, and 3 and 12 months after surgery when they had lost 20 and nearly 50% of initial body weight, respectively. Normal weight individuals (mean BMI ¼ 22.7 kg/m 2 ) were tested twice within a 6-to 12-month period to serve as control. Body fatness and fat distribution measures, and posturographic parameters of the center of foot pressure (CP) along the antero-posterior and medio-lateral axes for conditions with and without vision were performed in all subjects. Results: Weight loss averaged 12.3 kg after dieting and 71.3 kg after surgery. Body weight remained unchanged in the control group. After weight loss, nearly all measures of postural stability were improved with and without vision (i.e., CP speed and range in antero-posterior and medio-lateral axes). A strong linear relationship was observed between weight loss and improvement in balance control measured from CP speed (adjusted R 2 ¼ 0.65, Po0.001). Conclusion: Weight loss improves balance control in obese men and the extent of the improvement is directly related to the amount of weight loss. This should decrease the habitual greater risk of falling observed in obese individuals.

Plasma organochlorine concentration increases with weight loss and is related to the magnitude. Future research will have to determine if: 1) this pollutant concentration remains elevated over time and 2) there are long-term effects of this high concentration on health.

Despite a large force loss, particularly for the lower limbs in morbidly obese individuals after surgery, this loss is relatively well tolerated because the relation between force and body weight is even improved and the ability to maintain that force is preserved.

No abstract

No abstract

L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer l’évolution de l’engagement parental au cours des trois premières années du secondaire chez les garçons et les filles appartenant à deux groupes distincts : élèves en difficulté de comportement ou élèves ordinaires. À partir d’un échantillon de 300 élèves (150 ordinaires et 150 en difficulté), les analyses effectuées suggèrent un profil d’engagement parental à la baisse pour les élèves des deux groupes. Or, des analyses effectuées en fonction du genre de l’élève permettent d’identifier un profil d’engagement différent pour le sous-groupe des filles en difficulté de comportement; ce profil d’engagement parental ne serait pas caractérisé par une baisse aussi généralisée comparativement à celui identifié pour les autres élèves.

No abstract