Molecular plant immunity is a dynamic research field that broadly addresses how plants interact with their associated organisms and defend themselves against pests and pathogens. Here, we aimed at providing readers with a snap-shot of influential molecular plant immunity research, by identifying and analyzing 170 highly-cited publications (aka Highly-Influential Publications in molecular Plant Immunity; hereafter HIPPYs) published in this field between 2000 and 2019. Our analysis draws a broad analytical knowledge of influential scientific advances in the field, as well as the research community that made them. We notably show that HIPPYs are shared by a small, structured, and connected research community. The HIPPYs address coherent research questions using a handful of key model objects (i.e., organisms or molecules), and report findings and concepts that contribute to our integrated understanding on the molecular interactions between plants and their associated organisms. Our 'HIP in' method is easily transposable to other large research areas, and may help early-career researchers to gain a broader knowledge of their field of interest.
In the context of climate change, elevated temperature is a major concern due to the impact on plant–pathogen interactions. Although atmospheric temperature is predicted to increase in the next century, heat waves during summer seasons have already become a current problem. Elevated temperatures strongly influence plant–virus interactions, the most drastic effect being a breakdown of plant viral resistance conferred by some major resistance genes. In this work, we focused on the R-BPMV gene, a major resistance gene against Bean pod mottle virus in Phaseolus vulgaris. We inoculated different BPMV constructs in order to study the behavior of the R-BPMV-mediated resistance at normal (20 °C) and elevated temperatures (constant 25, 30, and 35 °C). Our results show that R-BPMV mediates a temperature-dependent phenotype of resistance from hypersensitive reaction at 20 °C to chlorotic lesions at 35 °C in the resistant genotype BAT93. BPMV is detected in inoculated leaves but not in systemic ones, suggesting that the resistance remains heat-stable up to 35 °C. R-BPMV segregates as an incompletely dominant gene in an F2 population. We also investigated the impact of elevated temperature on BPMV infection in susceptible genotypes, and our results reveal that elevated temperatures boost BPMV infection both locally and systemically in susceptible genotypes.
Pucciniales are fungal pathogens of plants that cause devastating rust diseases in agriculture. Chemically-synthesized pesticides help farmers to control rust epidemics, but governing bodies aim at limiting their use over the next decade. Defense peptides with antimicrobial activities may help to innovate a next generation of phytosanitary products for sustainable crop protection. This review comprehensively inventories the proteins or peptides exhibiting a biochemically-demonstrated antifungal activity toward Pucciniales (i.e., anti-rust proteins or peptides; hereafter ‘ARPs’), and also analyses the bioassays used to characterize them. In total, the review scrutinizes sixteen publications, which collectively report 35 ARPs. These studies used either in vitro or in planta bioassays, or a combination of both, to characterize ARPs; mostly by evaluating their ability to inhibit the spore germination process in vitro or to inhibit fungal growth and rust disease development in planta. Also, the manuscript shows that almost no mode of action against rust fungi was elucidated, although some might be inferred from studies performed on other fungi. This short review may serve as a knowledge and methodological basis to inform future studies addressing ARPs.
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