This study is a contribution to the exploration of natural phospholipid (PL) sources rich in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) with nutritional interest. Phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were purified from total lipid extracts of different food matrices, and their molecular species were separated and identified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS(2)). Fragmentation of lithiated adducts allowed for the identification of fatty acids linked to the glycerol backbone. Soy PC was particularly rich in species containing essential fatty acids, such as (18:2-18:2)PC (34.0%), (16:0-18:2)PC (20.8%), and (18:1-18:2)PC (16.3%). PC from animal sources (ox liver and egg yolk) contained major molecular species, such as (16:0-18:2)PC, (16:0-18:1)PC, (18:0-18:2)PC, or (18:0-18:1)PC. Finally, marine source (krill oil), which was particularly rich in (16:0-20:5)PC and (16:0-22:6)PC, appeared to be an interesting potential source for food supplementation with LC-PUFA-PLs, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
The extraction of three major phospholipid (PL) classes contained in soybean, egg yolk, calf brain, and ox liver was investigated by means of two methods. The PL amounts were evaluated. A new method, based on pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), was applied for total lipids (TL), including PL, extraction and compared with a standard liquid extraction method, a modified Folch method. The three PL classes (phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and phosphatidylcholine (PC)) that were recovered in the obtained TL extracts were quantified using HPLC with an evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD). Using the PLE method, a single extraction allowed a recovery of more than 94% of TL and 96% of each PL class. Two successive extractions could achieve a total recovery of the three studied PL classes. With the modified Folch method, 77-83% of TL, 80-91% of PE, 82-94% of PC, and no more than 78% of PI could be achieved from various food matrices after one extraction. Four successive extractions were necessary to recover the whole TL content and each PL class. Results indicate that PLE is a rapid and efficient lipid extraction system for the broad range of plant and animal tissues.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.