Pregnancy complicates the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Surgical treatment options of mastectomy or breast-conservation can be used as for non-pregnant patients. Sentinel lymph node biopsy can be safely used with lymphoscintigraphy. Chemotherapy is appropriate in the second and third trimesters, however, radiation therapy should be delayed until after delivery. Multidisciplinary care, including High-Risk Obstetrics, remains the best approach to managing this complex patient population.

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These novel findings demonstrate expansion of a resident cell population that expresses SC markers in abnormal parathyroid glands from patients with HPT. Our results suggest that clonal expansion of a resident SC population occurs in the pathogenesis not only of cancer, but also in benign parathyroid tumors occurring in HPT.

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