The development of curcas bean (Jatropha curcas Linn) as a raw material for biodiesel have a very promising potential, because in addition to producing oil with high productivity (40-45%). Curcas bean oil was transesterified at 60oC for 120 minutes to produce biodiesel. The produced biodiesel was the cracked with the H-zeolite catalyst at 70oC, 80oC, 90oC, 100oC, 110oC, and 120oC for 60, 90, and 120 minutes. This study was aimed to characterize the curcas bean biodiesel that had been cracked using H-zeolite catalyst. Characterization of the biodiesel from cracking process included viscosity, saponification number, iodine number, and cetane number. Results of the study indicated that the breakdown of carbon chain in the fatty acid of curcas bean biodiesel can be achieved by catalytic cracking. This was evidenced by the reduced viscosity and iodine number and increased saponification number and cetane number of the curcas bean biodiesel after cracking. Analysis of the curcas bean biodiesel product obtained indicated that the optimum temperature was 90oC and optimum reaction time was 180 minutes. Characteristics of the curcas bean biodiesel on these conditions included the viscosity of 3.850 cSt, saponification number of 206.332 mg KOH/g sample, iodine number of 60.11 mg Iodine/g sample, and cetane number of 68.83. GCMS test on the biodiesel composition indicated the presence of 0.798% of methyl laurate (C13H26O2), 44.527% of methyl palmitate (C17H34O2), 4.584% of methyl linoleic (C19H34O2), 46.506% of methyl oleic (C19H36O2) and 3.584% of methyl stearic (C19H36O2).
The purpose of this research was to determine the society's understanding of disaster mitigation or preventing the likelihood of landslides, and efforts have been made public as well as solutions regarding prevention or reduction of the occurrence of landslides. This research was conducted in the Toobaun village of West Amarasi, Kupang district. The sampling technique was proportional random sampling. Sampling from entire population was taken as 100 respondents using descriptive analysis. The results showed that: 1) The level of public understanding about vulnerable to landslides and how to cope with and mitigate that are in the low category, where people suffered a lot of losses and damages caused by landslides, 2) Efforts have been made public categorized as high, and solutions in case of landslide still categorized low, people's knowledge and understanding of disaster mitigation less than the maximum so that the public is less aware of the potential damage caused by landslides.
Eucalyptus urophylla is one of the typical plants of the Province of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia whose distribution includes the islands of Timor, Alor, Wetor, Flores, Adonara, Lomblen, and Pantar. The best land for the growth of E. urophylla is an area with rainfall above 1000 mm every year. E. urophylla dominate the island of Timor hence the potential to absorb carbon and store it in biomass as part of climate change mitigation. This study aims to determine the allometric equation model to predict the potential of E. urophylla stem biomass. Calculation of the amount of stem biomass based on allometric equations is an analytical method used in this study. The sample trees used in equation modeling is 100 trees as a result of the inventory. The equations that can be used to estimate the biomass potential of the stem of E. urophylla in Timor Island were ln = -2.12 + 2.472 ln ( ) and (R2= 0.98); ln = -3.617 + 1.046 ln and (R2= 0.99); and ln = -3.510 + 2.157 ln ( ) + 0.983 ln and (R2= 0.99). The stem biomass potential with the model I amounting to 276.877 tons ha-1, model II of 279.671 tons ha-1, and model III of 280.209 tons ha-1.
In this study, moringa seeds extracted for oil were extracted from Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. Moringa seed oil is obtained by extraction using n-hexane solvents. The extraction method used is the Soxhletasi method at a temperature of 68 o C, and is further separated between the solvent and its oil using rotavapor. Moringa seed oil obtained further characterized its physical and chemical properties. Characterization of the physical and chemical properties of moringa seed oil includes density, viscosity, saponification number, iodine number, acidic number, and peroxide number. The results showed that moringa seeds contained 28.6% oil. For testing of physical parameters of moringa seed oil obtained density of 0.912 g/ml, and viscosity of 1,054 cps. For testing chemical parameters obtained saponification number 18.65, acid number 132.42, iodine number 66.46, and peroxide number 6.8 meg/kg
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