Post-harvest shelf life of tomato fruit may be increased by deploying mutant alleles which affect the natural ripening process and/or by a favorable genotypic background. Among the several ripening mutant genes, alcobaça (alc) has proved to be highly efficient in increasing shelf life of commercial tomato fruits, especially in heterozygosis, a state at which no limiting deleterious effects upon fruit color occur. The effects of heterozygosity in the alcobaça locus (alc + /alc) on yield and fruit quality traits of tomato hybrids with three genotypic backgrounds. We evaluated three pairs of hybrids obtained from crosses between the near-isogenic pollen source lines Flora-Dade (alc + /alc + ) and TOM-559 (alc/alc), and three maternal lines (Stevens, NC-8276 and Piedmont). The six treatments were factorial combinations of two different status in the alc locus (alc + /alc and alc + /alc + ) versus three different genotypic backgrounds (maternal lines). Fruits were harvested at the breaker stage of maturation and stored in shelves at 21 o C for 14 days. Yield and fruit quality traits were then evaluated. Regardless of the background, the alc allele in heterozygosis (alc + /alc) did not interfere with the total yield, commercial yield, average mass per fruit, average mass per commercial fruit, fruit shape, or with fruit peduncular scar diameter. The alc + /alc genotype reduced the rate of firmness loss and delayed evolution of the red color of the fruit, thus contributing to an increase of the post-harvest shelf life for all three genotypic backgrounds. Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, alcobaça, ripening mutant, long shelf-life O ALELO ALCOBAÇA E O BACKGROUND GENOTÍPICO AFETAM A PRODUTIVIDADE E A CONSERVAÇÃO DE HÍBRIDOS DE TOMATEIRORESUMO: A vida de prateleira dos frutos de tomate pode ser extendida, seja empregando-se alelos mutantes que afetam o processo natural de amadurecimento, seja por meio de background genotípico favorável. O alelo alcobaça (alc) em heterozigose tem-se mostrado bastante eficiente no sentido de prolongar o período de conservação dos frutos em pós-colheita, sem que ocorra prejuízo na coloração. Avaliaram-se os efeitos do alelo alcobaça em heterozigose (alc + /alc) sobre as características de produção e qualidade pós-colheita de frutos de híbridos de tomateiro em diferentes backgrounds genotípicos. Foram avaliados três pares de híbridos, obtidos a partir de cruzamentos entre as linhagens quase isogênicas Flora-Dade (alc + /alc + ) e TOM-559 (alc/alc) e três diferentes linhagens maternas (Stevens, NC8276 e Piedmont), correspondendo a uma combinação fatorial de duas constituições genotípicas no loco alcobaça (alc + /alc e alc + /alc + ) vs três backgrounds genotípicos. Os frutos foram colhidos no estádio breaker de maturação e armazenados em câmara fria a 21 o C, durante 14 dias. Foram avaliadas características de produção e de qualidade. Independentemente da linhagem materna dos híbridos, o alelo alcobaça em heterozigose não interferiu nas características produção total, produção comer...
Hylocereus costaricensis, H. undatus, and H. megalanthus are pitaya species produced and marketed in Brazil. The cultivation of this fruit has increased in recent years owing to its attractive appearance and sweet taste, and it may be either consumed fresh or processed for beverages and desserts. Studies on the biochemical traits and antioxidant capacity of these species can contribute to the development of new pitaya cultivars for fresh consumption and/or industrial processing. Sugars and organic acids were extracted from fruit, separated, and quantified using a chromatographic system. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were quantified by spectrophotometric analysis using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, respectively. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the Tukey’s test. H. undatus presented 9.83% of the total sugars, distributed as 4.75% glucose and 5.08% fructose. Total sugar concentration for H. megalanthus was 5.93%, with 0.99%, 3.25%, and 1.69% of glucose, fructose, and sucrose, respectively, and was the only species containing sucrose. The concentrations of organic acids for H. costaricensis, H. undatus, and H. megalanthus were 0.83%, 0.71%, and 0.62% for malic acid and 0.37%, 0.36%, and 0.40% for citric acid, respectively. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was not detected in the pulp samples. H. costaricensis had the highest content of total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, 33.75 mg gallic acid equivalents 100 g-1 and 175.51 μmol Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity 100 g-1, respectively. Thus, the consumption of H. megalanthus fruits is recommended for people who require carbohydrate-restricted diets, although sensorially it seems to have the sweetest pulp, probably owing to the presence of sucrose. H. undatus pulp is interesting for the desserts and beverages industry owing to its high sugar content and low acidity, whereas fruits of H. costaricensis have the highest antioxidant capacity and can be used for natural food coloring.
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