To evaluate, describe and compare the pharmacological treatments available for heart failure (HF). This is a literature review about the pharmacological treatment of HF based on articles selected from the PubMed database, as well as relevant guidelines, using pertinent keywords and application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Chronic heart failure is a common condition that, if untreated, harms quality of life and is associated with a high risk of mortality, morbidity, and recurrent hospitalization. However, the prognosis of patients with this condition has been improved with knowledge of the pathophysiology of HF and, therefore, assertive application of both non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment recommendations. Pharmacotherapy is based on neurohormoral inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and the sympathetic nervous system to improve the health status and survival of these patients. Currently, the recommendation for the treatment of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) includes 4 drug classes: an angiotensin/neprilysin receptor inhibitor (ANRi), beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) and SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2ii). Mortality-reducing pharmacotherapy in HF currently includes ANRi, beta-blockers, MRA and SGLT2. Therefore, the challenge is to transform the results achieved in clinical studies into reality for the majority of patients with HF. This path must be promoted through multidisciplinary care with improved access to recommended drugs, close monitoring of patients, healthy habits, control of comorbidities and therapeutic adherence.
Introduction: There are seven known species of human coronavirus capable of causing respiratory diseases. The most recent is SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19. Objective: To evaluate the main characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and the main measures for prevention and containment of disease progression. Methods: An integrative review was carried out between 2003 and 2020, based on: PubMed, Medline, SciELO, LILACS and Google Academic, using the descriptors: COVID-19, coronavirus, novel coronavirus, human, SARS virus, outbreak disease, viral pneumonia, all listed in MESH and DECS. Results: Of the 65 selected articles, 28 met the inclusion criteria. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus whose protein S is involved in adsorption to the target cell membrane. It is transmitted through contact with contaminated surfaces, secretions or aerosols. In these, it remains viable for three hours, and up to three days on surfaces. Frequent hand washing, disinfecting surfaces, not sharing personal items, social distance of two meters and wearing facemasks when leaving home are recommended. Non-severe patients should be isolated at home for 14 days. Healthcare professionals should use PPE and be careful with potential sources of contamination, including urine and feces of patients during hygiene.
Artigo recebido em 17/03/2021. Última versão recebida em 08/09/2021. Aprovado em 09/09/2021. Avaliado pelo sistema Triple Review: a) Desk Review pelo Editor-Chefe; e b) Double Blind Review (avaliação cega por dois avaliadores da área). Revisão: Gramatical, Normativa e de Formatação F. S. Gehrke 64 Revista Saúde em Foco, Teresina, v. 8, n. 1, art. 5, p. 63-81, jan./abr.2021www4.fsanet.com.br/revista RESUMOObjetivo: Demonstrar as principais complicações em pacientes com diabetes que podem levar ao pé diabético (PD) e a importância de prevenção e controle adequados. Material e Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa a partir de artigos durante o período de 2008-2019, nas bases de dados PubMed, Medline, SCIELO, LILACS e Google acadêmico; utilizando os descritores: Diabetes mellitus, Neuropatia diabética, Doença arterial periférica. Resultados: Algumas complicações crônicas, tais como a neuropatia periférica (NP) e a doença arterial periférica (DAP), aumentam o risco de lesões nos pés. Conclusão: A presença dessas úlceras associada à falta de conhecimento sobre a doença, diagnóstico tardio de NP ou DAP, falta de prevenção, acompanhamento insuficiente de profissionais da saúde, além do precário autocuidado do paciente favorecem o desenvolvimento do PD. Dessa forma, há necessidade de ações educativas para orientar e aprimorar o acompanhamento do paciente diabético, prevenindo o PD e riscos relacionados.
Cannabis sativa has been applied for medicinal purposes for thousands of years. Cannabidiol is the main non-psychotropic compound in Cannabis sativa, and has its therapeutic effect extremely linked to the central nervous system, presenting pharmacological properties with great potential for the treatment of several pathologies. The aim is to identify and relate the therapeutic effects of cannabidiol in medicine, focusing on its therapeutic potential in epilepsy, autism, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, oncological diseases, and chronic pain. In addition to presenting a brief history of cannabidiol and its chemical and pharmacological properties acting on the Central Nervous System. Integrative literature review, where articles were reviewed in Portuguese and English, based on PubMed, Scielo and Public Agencies. In 1960, the chemical structures of the main components of cannabis were identified, characterizing cannabidiol as a cannabinoid, which binds to cannabinoid receptors throughout the human body, known as CB1 and CB2. The endocannabinoid system, described in 1990, further demonstrated the therapeutic properties of cannabidiol, elucidating its neuroprotective, antiepileptic, anxiolytic, antipsychotic, anti- inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, and anticonvulsant properties. Cannabinoids may, in the future, be an important therapeutic option in the treatment of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, epilepsy, autism, neoplasms and still acting in the relief of pain. This is due to the absence of psychoactive effects and cognition, safety, good tolerability, clinical trials with positive results and the wide spectrum of pharmacological actions.
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