Socioeconomic factors can influence the quantitative aspects of services that are inherent to basic sanitation components. This study consists of the application of the Pearson correlation between drinking water consumption and socioeconomic parameters in order to measure and classify the influence of the municipal human development index and the per capita gross domestic product on per capita water consumption. Correlations were analyzed using data from 417 municipalities in the state of Bahia, Brazil from 2002 to 2016. The results demonstrate the occurrence of a weakly positive Pearson linear correlation between the human development index and water consumption and a weakly negative correlation between the gross domestic product and the per capita water consumption for most of the analyzed municipalities. The operational characteristics of the tools usedhere proved to be efficient, simple, and important for building studies aimed toward the planning and improvement of water supply systems.
Brazilian law ensures that citizens have adequate access to drinking water. Three important indicators of the operational quality of the water supply service are the incidence of samples of drinking water outside the standard of potability for the parameters of residual chlorine, turbidity, and total coliforms, whose values vary from 0% to 100%. This work aimed to analyze the values of the incidence of samples outside the Brazilian potability standard of these three parameters in 70 municipalities in the south of the State of Bahia between 2002 and 2018 and to represent these results spatially. The studied municipalities presented historical averages of incidence of non-conformity that varied between 0.01% and 52.50% for residual chlorine, 0.16% and 100% for turbidity, and 0.00% and 58.33% for total coliforms. Despite the wide variation in these values, the general incidence averages for the entire region were 1.82% for residual chlorine, 3.22% for turbidity, and 1.93% for total coliforms. Some municipalities need to adjust their treatments to decrease the percentage of non-standard samples for the studied parameters in order to supply the population with water that meets the national drinking standard.
O adequado acesso ao saneamento básico é condição essencial para saúde pública, bem estar social e desenvolvimento econômico. Este trabalho objetivou analisar a evolução entre os anos de 2010 e 2018 de aspectos relativos a saneamento básico no estado da Bahia e na região sul desse estado. Enquanto as populações do estado e da região cresceram 5,6% e 3,0%, respectivamente, os crescimentos da extensão de redes de distribuição de água potável e de coleta de esgotos domésticos variaram entre 13,5% e 86,4%, respectivamente. Todavia, os índices sanitários da região se apresentaram inferiores aos estaduais, para ambos os aspectos. Por outro lado, o investimento per capita de verba federal em saneamento na região sul foi superior à média estadual de 2010 a 2016, com gradativa diminuição dessa proporção desde 2012. Embora tanto o estado quanto a sua região sul tenha apresentado melhorias nos índices de saneamento no período estudado, seus valores mais recentes ainda são inferiores às médias nacionais. Assim, é necessário que haja a continuidade e a intensificação dos investimentos, não apenas de origem federal, para a garantia da universalização do saneamento, da dignidade humana e da saúde pública.
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