To evaluate the efficacy of a functional microarray of microneedles (MNs) plus topical tranexamic acid (TA) for melasma in middle-aged women in China.Thirty female subjects with melasma were enrolled in this study. The left or right side of the face was chosen randomly to be pretreated with a functional microarray of MNs, followed by topical 0.5% TA solution once per week for 12 weeks. The other half-face was the control, treated with a sham device plus topical 0.5% TA solution. At baseline and at weeks 4, 8, and 12 of treatment, clinical (photographic) evaluations and parameters determined by Visia were recorded. At baseline and week 12, patient satisfaction scores and the biophysical parameters measured by Mexameter were also recorded. Side effects were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the 12 weeks.In total, 28 women (93.3%) completed the study. The brown spots’ scores measured by Visia were significantly lower on the combined therapy side than on the control side at 12 weeks after starting treatment; there was no significant difference between sides at 4 or 8 weeks. After 12 weeks, melanin index (MI) decreased significantly in both 2 groups, and the MI was significantly less on the combined side at week 12. Transepidermal water loss, roughness, skin hydration, skin elasticity, and erythema index showed no significant differences between 2 sides at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment. Physicians’ evaluations of photographs showed better results at week 12 with combined therapy: >25% improvement was observed in the MNs plus TA side in 25 patients, and in the TA side in only 10 patients. Subjective satisfaction scores on both sides increased significantly. The participants were more satisfied with the results of the combined therapy side than the control side. No obvious adverse reactions were observed throughout the study.Combined therapy with a functional microarray of MNs and topical TA solution is a promising treatment for melasma.
AbstrakDensity Functional Theory (DFT) merupakan salah satu metode komputasi yang digunakan untuk perhitungan kimia. Metode ini dapat menyelesaian persamaan Schrödinger secara sederhana karena didasarkan pada densitas elektron. Dalam penelitian ini ditentukan geometri dan karaktersitik ikatan dari senyawa kompleks Ni(II)-dibutilditiokarbamat menggunakan metode DFT dengan fungsi B3LYP, B3PW91 dan BLYP. Basis set yang akan digunakan adalah LANL2DZ dan perangkat lunak Gaussian 03W. Hasil optimasi geometri Ni(II)-dibutilditiokarbamat menunjukkan bentuk struktur yang sama dengan Ni(II)-dietilditiokarbamat sebagai data pembanding, yaitu persegi planar. Keterisian elektron pada ikatan Ni – S adalah 1,8873 elektron, yang merupakan 20,24 % elektron dari Ni dan 79,76 % dari S. Bentuk geometri persergi planar dibuktikan dengan hasil analisis NBO yang menunjukkan hibridisasi Ni(II)-dibutilditiokarbamat adalah d1,05sp2.05. Kata kunci: DFT, dibutilditiokarbamat, geometri, karakteristik ikatan, senyawa kompleks. AbstractDensity Functional Theory (DFT) is one of computational method that used for chemical calculation. This method simplifies the complex solution of Schrödinger equation using electron density. In this study the geometry and bond characterization of Ni(II)-dibutyldithiocarbamat complex compound was determined. The computational method used was Density Functional Theory as applied in B3LYP, B3PW91 and BLYP functions. All calculations were performed at LANL2DZ level of basis set as implemented Gaussian 03W. The theoretical result on geometry showed a similar structure to square-planar Ni(II)-dietyldithiocarbamate. The electronic occupation of Ni–S molecular orbital was 1.8873 electron, which was 20.24% electron contribution from Ni and 79.76% from S. Square-planar geometry proved by NBO analysis result that the hybridization of Ni(II)-dibutyldithiocarbamate was d1,05sp2.05. Keywords: DFT, dibutyldithiocarbamate, geometry, bond characterization, complexes compound.
Abstrak: Di Indonesia mineral mengandung unsur tanah jarang terdapat di dalam mineral bawaan pada komoditas utama terutama emas dan timah. Unsur tanah jarang sesuai namanya merupakan unsur yang langka, di alam berupa senyawa kompleks fospat dan karbonat. Lanthanum merupakan unsur dengan nomor atom 57 dan termasuk dalam golongan unsur tanah jarang ringan. Lanthanum oksida digunakan secara ekstensif pada aplikasi lampu karbon, terutama di industri perfilman untuk lampu studio dan proyeksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kadar lanthanum oksida yang diperoleh dari hasil pemisahan dengan menggunakan metode pengendapan bertingkat. Langkah pertama adalah destruksi dengan menggunakan natrium hidroksida. Lalu pembentukan tanah jarang klorida dengan penambahan asam klorida. Selanjutnya pengendapan selektif untuk memisahkan tanah jarang hidroksida. Kemudian pemisahan lanthanum dengan cara pengendapan bertingkat menggunakan ammonium hidroksida. Pengendapan dilakukan dalam tingkatan pH yang berbeda. Lantanum hidroksida dilarutkan dengan asam nitrat untuk kemudian diendapkan dengan penambahan asam oksalat. Selanjutnya dilakukan kalsinasi pada suhu 1000°C selama 2 jam untuk pembentukan lanthanum oksida. Lanthanum oksida dianalisis dengan menggunakan SEM-EDX. Hasil karakterisasi SEM-EDX menunjukkan bahwa lanthanum oksida yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode pengendapan bertingkat mempunyai kadar sebesar 86,59%. Efisiensi dari metode pengendapan bertingkat dengan menggunakan ammonium hidroksida sebesar 64,57%.
Median Canaliform Dystrophy of Heller is characterized by midline longitudinal furrow with multiple transverse parallel lines. Repetitive trauma to the nail plate and cuticle may be responsible for some cases, however some case reports have suggested familial occurrence and use of oral retinoids in its causation. We present a special case of Median Canaliform Dystrophy of Heller in middle age Chinese male and discuss the possibility cause in our case. Median Canaliform Dystrophy of Heller case occurred in Chinese patient that has no special related diseases and it resolved simultaneously and happened again.
A fluorescence compound of benzocoumarin typical skeleton was synthesized and its interaction with various metal ions was evaluated. The synthesis was performed via Knoevenagel condensation whereas identification of the product was accomplished by various spectroscopic techniques. The chemo-sensor test against representative metal ions was monitored by fluorescence spectrophotometry. Density Functional Theory calculation (DFT) (Functional/basis set; M06/6-31G (d, p)) was also carried out to clarify the experimental results and to confirm the mechanism of interaction. The 3-oxo-3H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carboxylic acid 1 was obtained as yellow solid with; 60 % chemical yield, melting point; 235.6 - 236.7?C, ?max UV/Visible, ?em and Stokes shift (MeOH / nm); 374, 445, and 71 nm, respectively. Structure of the compound was identified based on spectroscopic data and literature comparison. The compound 1 exhibited a chelation quenched fluorescence (CHQF) phenomenon toward Na+ ion selectively, with binding stoichiometry (1:2) and LoD and LoQ of 0.14 and 0.48 mg/L, respectively. Based on DFT calculation, compound 1 chelated Na+ ion through mechanism of oxidative (1:1 equivalent) and reductive (2:1 equivalent) Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET), correspondingly.
Based on variations in calcination temperature, gamma alumina has successfully been made using a simple sol-gel method for Pomalaa magnesium-laterite adsorption from the South East of Sulawesi. The laterite leached by sulfuric acid was then precipitated by ammonia, to make the magnesium was separated from its main impurities (Si, Fe and Al). Temperature variations at 500, 650, 800 and 950 °C in gamma alumina making formed the gamma alumina phase while the alpha alumina phase was formed at 1100 °C. The higher calcination temperature the lower the specific surface area respectively from 196.385, 156.239, 105.725, 96.134 and 15.396 (m 2 /g). This results in decreasing the magnesium of the laterite 9.04, 8.70, 8.09, 6.39 and 0.29 (mg/L) respectively. The 800 °C-calcination gamma alumina has the highest volume of the pore, namely 0.3265 mL/g and the radius of 61.76 Å. The gamma alumina isotherm curve is type IV. The SEM-EDS test shows an aggregation spherical shape. Gamma alumina was detected to adsorb Mg laterite. The X-ray mapping of SEM-EDS test shows even distribution between gamma alumina, magnesium, and nickel. The highest adsorption is retained by GA-800/3 sample, namely 81.31 %.
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