Para estabelecer o risco de cárie, dados clínicos e microbiológicos, bem como nível sócio econômico e hábitosde higiene bucal devem ser considerados. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar fatores de risco de cárie emescolares de nível sócio – econômico baixo e acesso limitado a cuidados odontológicos. Neste estudo foramincluídas 211 crianças de seis a 11 anos de idade. O CPO-D foi avaliado por um único examinador previamentecalibrado, de acordo com os critérios propostos pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. Amostras de saliva foramobtidas pelo método proposto por Kölher & Bratthal (1979), para quantificar estreptococos do tipo mutans. Orisco de cárie foi classificado para cada indivíduo em baixo, intermediário ou alto. Os valores médios encontradosna população foram de 5,1 para o CPO-D e de 2,3 para o número médio de escovações diárias. Não foirelatado uso de fio dental por nenhum participante do estudo. De acordo com os dados microbiológicos, 165crianças apresentaram baixo risco de cárie (CPO-D = 4,9) e 46 risco intermediário (CPO-D = 6). ANOVA e Testede permutação demonstraram correlação positiva entre CPO-D e S. mutans (p < 0.05). De acordo com os resultadosos autores concluíram que houve um CPO-D elevado na população e relacionados à fatores de risco decárie, incluindo, contagem de S. mutans, hábitos de higiene bucal e acesso limitado a cuidados odontológicos.
Metternichia princeps, a tree that belongs to the Solanaceae family, occurs in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, from the state of Rio de Janeiro to Bahia. In the county of Itaguaí, state of Rio de Janeiro, M. princeps was suspected to cause a lethal kidney disease in goats. The poisoning was experimentally reproduced in goats conϐirming the suspicion. Experiments were then performed in rabbits. Leaves of M. princeps were collected in the county of Itaguaí, where the poisoning in goats occurred. Eleven rabbits received the dried plant material, ten received the fresh plant and one rabbit served as control. The dehydrated leaves were ground and mixed with water. Initially the suspension was administered by stomach tube to nine rabbits and caused death of seven of them at doses from 0.125g/kg on. Two rabbits that got sick, but survived at doses of 0.0625g/kg and 0.125g/kg, received doses of 0.5 and 0.25g/kg respectively, two months later and died, indicating that no tolerance to the plant poisoning effects developed. Additionally the dried leaves administered six months after collection to two rabbits at doses of 0.5 and 1g/kg respectively, caused death only of the rabbit that received the dose of 1g/kg, indicating that the stored leaves lost toxicity. Fresh sprouts caused death in three of six rabbits at doses of 1.55g/kg to 3g/kg. Fresh mature leaves caused death in one of four rabbits at the dose of 2g/kg, what suggests that there is no difference in toxicity between mature leaves and sprouts. The dried leaves caused death of rabbits at smaller doses than fresh leaves, what can be explained by the way of administration of the plant; dried leaves were given within a few minutes, whilst fresh leaves were ingested during one or two days, a fact that may inϐluence absorption of the toxic principle. In all experiments with the dried and fresh leaves (sprouts and mature leaves) of M. princeps, liver and heart lesions predominated. The course of the poisoning was peracute to acute. The rabbits became apathetic with pale and cyanotic mucosae and cold ears; they fell down with struggling movements, vocalization and spaced breathing and died. At postmortem examination, the liver was pale with marked hepatic lobules; the other organs were congested and blood vessels were ingurgitated. The histopathological examination revealed as the more important changes in the liver, intense, especially centrilobular congestion, severe swelling of the hepatocytes, and foci of incipient necrosis of hepatocytes. In the heart, beside congestion, small groups of eosiophilic cardiac ϐibers, with nuclear picnosis and vacuolation were found. In the kidney, congestion and swelling of epithelial cells
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.