Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important legumes for human consumption and is a staple food in the diet of the population of some countries of Latin America, Africa and Asia. The distinction between cultivars is based predominantly on morphological descriptors, which proved inefficient for the differentiation of some cultivars. This study had the objective of describing, distinguishing and evaluating the agronomic potential of 39 common bean cultivars of the carioca and black grain groups registered for cultivation in Brazil, based on 49 morphoagronomic descriptors and microsatellite (simple sequence repeat -SSR) markers. The morphoagronomic traits of each commercial group were characterized in four environments. Thirty-seven SSR markers were used for the molecular description. The morphological data, analyzed by the Shanonon-Weaver index, detected low variability among cultivars for qualitative data. On the other hand, the estimates of variance analysis, relative importance of the traits and hierarchical grouping analysis applied to the quantitative variables showed that the descriptors related to plant morphology were the most important for the carioca group, and those related to seed morphology were determining for the black group. The genetic parameters estimated for SSR markers by hierarchical and Bayesian cluster analysis identified 116 alleles, with 33 and 30 polymorphic loci and 24 and 22 private alleles for the carioca and black groups, respectively. The combined use of morphoagronomic and molecular descriptors improves the distinguishability of cultivars, contributing in a more efficient way to breeding and to the protection of cultivars.

ResumoNo desenvolvimento de cultivares de feijão precoce é imprescindível que este apresente elevado rendimento de grãos e comportamento previsível. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade fenotípica para rendimento de grãos em genótipos de feijão precoce. AbstractIn the development of early beans cultivars it is very important high grain yield and predictable behavior. The objective of this work was to assess adaptability and phenotypic stability grain yield in early common bean genotypes. The experiments were conducted in two cropping season in the following counties: Londrina, Irati, Pato Branco and Capitão Leonidas Marques (wet season 2004/2005); Pato Branco and Ponta Grossa (dry season 2005). Complete randomized block with three replications was used. In the maturation stage (R9) grain yield were assessed and the data were transformed to kg.ha -1 and corrected for 13% humidity. The individual and combined variance analyses indicated significant differences among genotypes. The genotype x environmental interaction was significant considering 1% probability, revealing that the genotypes evaluated performed differently according to the environment where the tests were done. The lines LPSIA 04 103, LPSIA 04 105 and LPSIA 04 107 showed general adaptability (β 1i =1), high phenotypic stability (σ 2 di =0), and superior average yield.

RESUMO O déficit hídrico durante o desenvolvimento do amendoinzeiro prejudica vários processos fisiológicos da planta e reduz sua produtividade. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o rendimento de grãos, componentes de produção e crescimento de cultivares e linhagens de amendoim submetidas a déficit hídrico, em condições de campo. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas e três repetições. Os tratamentos de déficit hídrico (com e sem) constituíram as parcelas e os genótipos avaliados (IAC Tatu ST, BR1, BRS Havana, Col 72 e Col 82) as subparcelas. A irrigação foi suspensa nas parcelas submetidas à deficiência hídrica entre 35 e 75 dias após a emergência. O crescimento das plantas, massa seca da parte aérea e área foliar foram afetados negativamente pelo déficit hídrico. Verificou-se incremento da diferença entre as parcelas com e sem deficiência hídrica, conforme o aumento do período de supressão de água. A cultivar BRS Havana e a linhagem Col 82 apresentaram tolerância moderada à seca, com os maiores rendimentos de grãos em condição de déficit hídrico. O déficit hídrico foi responsável por redução de 68 % no rendimento de grãos na cultivar IAC Tatu ST, 44 % no número de vagens por planta na linhagem Col 82, 11 % no número de sementes por vagem na linhagem Col 72 e 11 % na massa de 100 sementes na cultivar BRS1.

Mineral deficiency is worldwide one of the major problems associated with human health, and biofortification through breeding is considered an important strategy to improve the nutritional content of staple food in countries that face this problem. The assessment of genetic variability for seed nutrient contents is a first step in the development of a biofortified crop. From the germplasm bank IDR-IAPAR-EMATER, a set of 1,512 common bean accessions, consisting of local and commercial varieties and improved lines, was analyzed. High variability among the accessions was observed for all evaluated nutrient contents (P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe and S and protein). In the mean, the contents of the carioca and black market groups (Mesoamerican gene pool), were around 7% higher for the minerals Ca, Cu, Mn and Fe and between 2-4% higher for P, K, Mg and Zn than in the other groups with Mesoamerican and Andean common bean. Few differences were observed among the Mesoamerican accessions that belong to the carioca and black commercial groups. Wide variability was observed among the evaluated genotypes, and the concentrations of the best accessions exceeded the overall mean by 14-28%. Due to the high variability in the evaluated accessions, these results may contribute to the selection of promising parents for the establishment of mating blocks. The nutritional contents of many of the improved lines evaluated in this study were higher than those of the commercial cultivars, indicating the possibility of developing new biofortified cultivars.

Estimates of genetic parameters for iron, zinc, magnesium and phosphorus in common bean grains AbstractInformation about genetic parameters is required for the development of cultivars with higher nutritional value. In this sense, this study aimed to estimate the following genetic parameters: genetic variances, heritability coefficients in narrow and broad sense and predict the selection gain for the Fe, Zn, Mg and P contents in common bean grains. The crosses were made between cultivars: FT Nobre x IPR Gralha and Diamante Negro x IPR Chopim. The genitors (P 1 and P 2 ) were crossed resulting in F 1 and F 2 generations and backcrosses BC 1 (P 1 x F 1 ) and BC 2 (P 2 x RC 2 ). The mineral contents of Fe, Zn, Mg and P in grains were measured by nitric-perchloric digestion using atomic emission spectrometry coupled with plasma (ICP-OES). The predicted gains for the first cycle of selection were positive, indicating the viability of the increaseof the minerals Fe, Zn, Mg and P levels on common bean grains using classical breeding methods. The prediction gains obtained in the first cycle of selection resulted in values ranging from 3.24% to 15.48% for Mg and Fe, respectively. Heritability estimates in narrow sense ranged from 29.48% to 62.04% and the broad range sense heritability ranged from 45.14% to 76.36%.

This study aimed to evaluate the oil content and estimate the phenotypic stability and adaptability parameters for grain yield in twelve peanut cultivars. The experiment was carried out in 21 different localities in

Quantitative colorimetry can be used to characterize the color of triticale seeds submitted to the phenol test. This study aimed to characterize the color of triticale seeds after the phenol test by visual color evaluation and quantitative colorimetry using the CIELAB color space. The evaluated seeds came from 88 triticale genotypes from the IDR-Paraná Germplasm Bank. The colorimetric data for L (lightness) and chromaticity coordinates a* and b* of the seeds before and after phenol reaction were obtained using a Minolta CR-400 colorimeter. The score scale ranged from 1 (very weak or absent color) to 9 (very dark color) and evaluated visually the seed color after phenol reaction. Seeds classified as score 1 showed mean values of 46.3, 6.6, and 16.4 for L, a*, and b*, respectively. On the other hand, seeds classified as dark or very dark showed values equal to or lower than 28.4 for L, 5.6 for chromaticity a*, and 6.0 for chromaticity b*. The use of colorimetric parameters showed a practical application and low subjectivity in the classification of the color of triticale seeds after phenol reaction.

Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are an important source of proteins, carbohydrates, and micronutrients in the diets of millions of people in Latin America and Africa. Studies related to genetic variability in the accumulation and distribution of nutrients are valuable for biofortification programs, as there is evidence that the seed coat and embryo differ in the bioavailability of essential nutrients. In this study, we sought to evaluate the genetic variability of total mineral content in the grain and its constituent parts (seed coat, cotyledon, and embryonic axis) of bean genotypes from Mesoamerican and Andean centers of origin. Grain samples of 10 bean cultivars were analyzed for the content of proteins and minerals (Mg, Ca, K, P, Mn, S, Cu, B, Fe, and Zn) in the whole grains and seed coat, cotyledons, and embryonic axis tissues. Genetic variability was observed among the cultivars for protein content and all evaluated minerals. Moreover, differential accumulation of minerals was observed in the seed coat, cotyledons, and embryonic axis. Except for Ca, which accumulated predominantly in the seed coat, higher percentages of minerals were detected in the cotyledons. Furthermore, 100-grain mass values showed negative correlations with the contents of Ca, Mg, P, Zn, Fe, and Mn in whole grains or in the different grain tissues. In general, the Mesoamerican cultivars showed a higher concentration of minerals in the grains, whereas Andean cultivars showed higher concentrations of protein.