Sixty patients admitted to the hospital for colorectal surgery were randomly assigned to prophylaxis either with a single dose of ceftriaxone (Rocephin®) i.v. plus metronidazole given 30 min prior to induction of anesthesia or with multiple doses of ceftazidime plus metronidazole given repeatedly every 8 h up to 24 h after surgery. The overall number of infections observed with the long-acting cephalosporin ceftriaxone was 4 (2 local and 2 remote), with the short-acting ceftazidime the number was 9 (5 local and 4 remote). Neither regimen was associated with adverse reactions.
Recent academic research presents a large volume of studies on the organic market from the perspective of consumers’ motivation and purchasing preferences. However, these studies adopt a competitive or cooperative approach, but overlook the institutional complexity of emerging markets. This study aims to investigate the organic food production chain of emerging countries from the perspective of coopetition, taking into account the influence of formal institution agents. We focused our analysis on the chain of the organic food products, with the organic ice-cream producer as the key node of the chain. It is a single-case study conducted through in loco interviews with participants in the organic food products’ chain, along with secondary data. The results show the influence of formal institution agents and non-financial incentives as primary drivers of entrepreneurial strategic decisions. We contributed to the coopetition literature by demonstrating the influence of formal institution agents on value creation and value capture in the organic chain.
Specimens of leptogium collected in ten localities from the State of Rio Grande do Sul were studied. Sixteen species were found of 28 records mentioned to the state, which represents around 57% of the Leptogium diversity known for Rio Grande do Sul. leptogium exaratum is proposed as a new species. Leptogium atlanticum, L. milligranum and L. vesiculosum are reported for the first time to the state. The lectotype of l. javanicum is reported here and detailed descriptions are provided to the examined specimens. An identification key is showed with all the 28 mentioned species of Leptogium. It is the first published taxonomic key for Leptogium from Rio Grande do Sul, the State with the highest diversity of this genus in Brazil.
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