Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIT), sprint interval training (SIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), weight (kg), body fat mass (%), plasma glucose (fasting) and lipid levels in reproductive-age women. Method: The search was conducted in Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Virtual Health Library and Scielo. The meta-analyses were conducted using Review Manager software for random-effects models. The results were presented as standardized mean differences and 95%CI, which were calculated to determine the effect size of HIT/SIT and MICT interventions. Results: Eleven articles meet the inclusion criteria. The analyses demonstrated that all exercise modes improved body composition and metabolic profile, but nevertheless, MICT was significantly better at improving CRF (mL·min−1·kg−1) compared with HIT (2.45 mL·min−1·kg−1 (95% CI: 1.15 to 3.75 mL·min−1·kg−1); p < 0.05; I2 = 0%) and with SIT (0.98 mL·min−1·kg−1 (95% CI: −0.98 to 2.93 mL·min−1·kg−1); p = 0.33; I2 = 53%). Conclusion: Both HIT and SIT have the potential to be used as a training modality in reproductive-age women, with similar effects to MICT on body composition/metabolic markers but inferior effects on CRF, suggesting that HIT/SIT may be considered a “time-efficient component″ of weight management programs. However, the variability in the secondary outcome measures, coupled with the small sample sizes in studies, limits this finding.

Introduction: High-intensity interval training (HIT) has been used as an alternative to cardiorespiratory training performed continuously at submaximal intensity and over long periods. Objectives: Propose a treadmill HIT protocol and verify the influence of six HIT sessions with this protocol on ventilatory anaerobic thresholds (VATs) and substrate oxidation pattern during submaximal continuous exercise (SCE). Methods: Fifteen sporadically active subjects underwent maximal progressive testing before and after six HIT treadmill running sessions to determine peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), peak velocity (Vpeak), and VATs followed by SCE to determine lipid (LIPox) and carbohydrate (CHOox) oxidation rates. The HIT sessions consisted of eight sets of 60s at 100%Vpeak, interspersed with 75s of passive recovery between sets and a 48h interval between sessions. Results: Our results showed increases in VAT intensities of 4.4% for VAT1 and 8.8% for VAT2, a decrease of 12.8% in CHOox and an increase of 23.7% for LIPox; accordingly, the relative energy derived from LIPox was 20.3% higher after the training period. Vpeak was ~15 km/h, producing intensities corresponding to ~84%VO2peak and ~91%FCpeak over the training period. Conclusion: The proposed protocol produced adaptations and intensities which are similar to those described in the literature, but unlike others, it can be applied in sporadically active individuals. Level of Evidence II; Comparative prospective study.

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Women of childbearing age have variations in substrate oxidation rates that can lead to overweight, type II diabetes, and other conditions that may be associated with metabolic inflexibility and the variations in estrogen concentrations observed during the monthly ovarian cycle. Purpose: This study aimed to verify and compare the influence of eight treadmill high-intensity interval training (HIT) sessions on carbohydrate and lipid oxidation rates (CHOox and LIPox, respectively) and intensities of ventilatory anaerobic thresholds (VATs) of women in different phases of the monthly ovarian cycle. Methods: Eleven irregularly active women performed incremental treadmill exercise testing followed by submaximal work-rate running for 45 min to determine VATs, VO2peak, peak velocity (Vpeak), and substrate oxidation rates, before and after a training period, in different phases of their monthly ovarian cycle (follicular phase group, FL, n = 6; luteal phase group, LT, n = 5). The training period consisted of eight HIT sessions, composed each one of eight sets of 60 s running at 100%Vpeak interspersed by 75 s recovery every 48 h. Results: Our results showed no significant differences in VATs intensities between groups. The comparison between groups showed significant differences in relative energy derived from CHO pre- and post-training of −61.42% and −59.26%, respectively, and LIP pre- and post-training of 27.46% and 34.41%, respectively. The relative energy derived from CHO after the training period was 18.89% and 25.50% higher for FL and LT, respectively; consequently, the relative energy derived from LIPox after the training period was 8,45% and 3.46% lower for FL and LT, respectively. Over the training period, Vpeak was ~13.5 km/h, which produced the relative intensities of ~89%VO2peak e ~93%HRpeak for both groups. Conclusion: The monthly ovarian cycle phases promote significant changes in substrate oxidation rates leading to a decrease in CHOox. High-intensity interval training can minimize the differences observed and constitute an alternative intervention.

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Objetivo: Comparar o impacto do exercício físico no comportamento de idosas com Alzheimer em uma Instituição de longa permanecia para idosos. Método: Ensaio clínico não randomizado, com nove idosas com Doença de Alzheimer, residentes em uma instituição de longa permanência. Que foram submetidas diariamente, por quatro semanas, à aplicação de dois questionários, um para estabelecer o perfil individual de cada moradora, e outro para análise dos comportamentos característicos da doença. Resultados: Observa-se que nove dentre os medicamentos consumidos possuíam características para modulação comportamental (55,56% Quetiapina; 22,22% Depakote e/ou Exelon Patch; 11,11% de Donaren, Donepezila, Donila Duo, Escitalopran, Exodus e/ou Sertralina); após quatro semanas, 44,44% (n=4) das moradoras apresentaram diminuição das alterações comportamentais, para os períodos com exercício físico (p<0,05); as médias de alterações comportamentais da amostra total, foram de 0,76±0,38 e 1,60±0,70 para os períodos com e sem exercício físico, respectivamente (p<0,05); e  comportamentos como “agressividade direcionada a equipe”, “irritabilidade” e “outras alterações”, apresentaram Δ de variação de 0,80; 2,04; e 1,21; respectivamente (p<0,05). Conclusão: A inclusão de exercícios físicos de maneira regular, em uma Instituição de longa permanecia para idosos, é capaz de reduzir alterações comportamentais à curto prazo em idosas com Doença de Alzheimer institucionalizadas.Descritores: Doença de Alzheimer; Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos; Exercício.

To evaluate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIT) on the cardiorespiratory performance and substrate oxidation pattern in insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive obese adolescents. Methods: We recruited 25 obese adolescents in three schools, and trained them in six HIT sessions, comprising of six series at 100% and recovery at 50% peak velocity (Vpeak). For the evaluation, the participants were divided into two groups: insulin-resistant (IR, n = 12; HOMA index ≥3.16) and insulin-sensitive (IS, n = 13). All participants underwent cardiopulmonary and indirect calorimetry testing. We compared the effects of HIT before and after the intervention among the two groups. The data were analyzed using Student’s t and Mann–Whitney (intergroup comparisons) and Student’s t and Wilcoxon (pre- and post-training comparisons) tests; and Cohen’s d (influence of HIT). Results: There was a significant post-training increase in Vpeak, oxygen consumption (VO2), velocity (V), and heart rate (HR) at the exertion intensity at the first ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT1) in both groups (p < 0.05; d < 0.02). The exercise promoted changes in substrate oxidation rates of the groups, with an increase in carbohydrate oxidation (CHOox) for both IR (p = 0.064) and IS (p = 0.034). Conclusion: Six HIT sessions improved cardiorespiratory performance in both groups and increased CHOox in insulin-sensitive obese adolescents, suggesting its utility for increasing physical fitness and controlling glycemia in these population groups.

Objetivo: Revisar as equações de predição para a força muscular respiratória em crianças e adolescentes e identificar as variáveis independentes com maior poder preditivo para força muscular respiratória. Métodos: Foi realizada revisão sistemática nas bases de dados: PEDro, MedLine/ PubMed, Cochrane Library, LILACS/ BVS Library, SciELO e Google Acadêmico. Foram incluídos artigos com crianças e adolescentes, publicados entre 2009 a 2019, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, cujo método de avaliação utilizou-se da manovacuometria e equações preditivas foram propostas. Foram excluídos estudos que não estavam disponíveis na íntegra, duplicados ou com baixa qualidade metodológica (Escala PEDro <5,0 pontos). Resultados: Foram selecionados quatro artigos, que abordaram a avaliação da força muscular respiratória, sua comparação entre os sexos e a determinação de equações preditivas. Conclusão: As equações estabelecidas por Lanza et al. e Verma et al. são possíveis alternativas para a determinação da força muscular respiratória em crianças e adolescentes; e as variáveis, idade e sexo foram as que melhor explicaram os valores de força muscular respiratória.