ABSTRACT. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro degradability and gas production in diets containing byproducts from the national biodiesel industry (castor bean, canola, forage radish and black sunflower) replacing Brachiaria grass in four levels (0, 30, 50 and 70%). The inoculum for in vitro incubation was obtained from three fistulated Holstein cows. The experimental design was 4 x 4 factorial completely randomized experimental design consisting of four byproducts and four levels. All byproducts studied had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on in vitro digestibility. The castor bean byproducts promoted the lowest cumulative gas production at the end of 48 hours incubation. Regarding digestibility, the byproducts of canola and radish at 70% level did not affect the degradability of dry matter.
For confined animals, performance is improved when their diet is supplemented with a mineral mixture and protein energy. This study evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation on feedlot sheep on native pasture. Two experiments were conducted in sequence, with the animals constrained in one and animals confined to pasture in the other. The experiments were conducted with 32 Santa Ines lambs, with average initial weights of 16.8 and 19.9 kg for the constrained and pasture studies, respectively. In both experiments, the animals were offered the following supplements: Supplement 1 = 200 g of the concentrate without mineral mixture; Supplement 2 = 200 g of the concentrate with mineral mixture + Mn + Zn; Supplement 3 = 300 g of the concentrate with mineral mixture + Mn + Zn; and Supplement 4: 300 g of the concentrate with mineral mixture + Zn without Mn. The intake of the mineral mixture resulted in a higher average intake of crude protein in feedlot lambs and neutral detergent fiber in pasture lambs than the other diets, regardless of the presence of manganese and thus provided more consistent weight gain among the animals. The mineral mixture supplementation increased the average daily intake of Zn and Mn. The animals on the diets containing 300 g day -1 supplementation with the concentrated mineral mixture also had more weight gain and better feed conversion than those on the other diets, most likely because of the greater responsiveness to supplementation in these animals.
Objetivou-se descrever estratégias nutricionais para aumentar as propriedades nutracêuticas do leite, incluindo principalmente estratégias para o aumento nas concentrações de enterolactona (EL) e ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA). Os compostos EL e CLA, ambos produzidos endogenamente a partir de componentes da dieta, são compostos bioativos presente no leite e têm sido apontados como compostos nutracêuticos, capazes de melhorar a saúde humana através da prevenção e tratamento de doenças. Estratégias nutricionais aplicadas na alimentação de vacas leiteiras possibilitam o aumento da concentração destes compostos no leite, tornando possível a produção de leite com maior potencial de beneficiamento a saúde humana. A inclusão de fontes de lignanas vegetais, como por exemplo, o farelo de linhaça e a inclusão de fontes de sacarose na dieta de vacas leiteiras possibilitam aumentar a concentração de EL no leite. Da mesma forma, o fornecimento de fontes ricas de ácidos graxos polinsaturados, como por exemplo, os óleos vegetais, possibilita o aumento da concentração de CLA no leite. A temática da nutrição animal voltada para o aumento das propriedades nutracêuticas do leite, apesar de estar iniciando, apresenta grande perspectiva, e é uma ferramenta valiosa para promoção da associação do leite com benefícios a saúde humana. Palavras-chave: nutracêutico; compostos bioativos; lignanas; vacas de leite; benefícios do leite; redução do risco de doenças. Nutritional strategies to improve nutraceutical proprieties of milk: improvements on milk enterolactone and conjugated linoleic acid ABSTRACT: This study aimed to describe nutritional strategies to increase milk nutraceutical properties, including mainly strategies to increase the concentrations of enterolactone (EL) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Enterolactone and CLA are endogenously produced from dietary components and have been identified as nutraceutical compounds with the potential of improving human health through the prevention and treatment of diseases. The concentration of these compounds in milk can be modulated through nutritional strategies which enable to produce milk with greater potential for improving human health. The inclusion of vegetable lignans sources, such as flaxseed meal and the inclusion of sucrose sources in the diet of dairy cows increase the concentration of EL in milk. Feeding sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as vegetable oils, results in increased concentration of CLA in milk. The application of animal nutrition to increase nutraceutical properties of milk is a valuable tool for promoting the association of milk with human health benefits and is of great interest. Keywords: nutraceutical proprieties; bioactive compounds; lignans; dairy cows; health benefits of milk; disease risk reduction.
Evaluation of diets based on Brachiaria grass with different levels of byproducts from the biodiesel industry using in vitro gas production degradability[Avaliação de dietas à base de capim Brachiaria com diferentes níveis de coprodutos da indústria do biodiesel pela técnica de degradabilidade in vitro de produção de gás]
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