Sea turtles are marine reptiles that undertake long migrations through their life, with limited information regarding juvenile stages. Feeding grounds (FGs), where they spend most of their lives, are composed by individuals from different natal origins, known as mixed stock populations. The aim of this study was to assess genetic composition, natal origins and demographic history of juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas) at the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (PEC), Brazil, considered a Natural World Heritage site. Tissue samples of stranded animals were collected (n = 60), and 700 bp mitochondrial DNA sequences were generated and compared to shorter sequences from previously published studies. Global exact tests of differentiation revealed significant differences among PEC and the other FGs, except those at the South Atlantic Ocean. Green turtles at PEC present genetic signatures similar to those of nesting females from Ascension Island, Guinea Bissau and Aves Island/Surinam. Population expansion was evidenced to have occurred 20–25 kYA, reinforcing the hypothesis of recovery from Southern Atlantic refugia after the last Glacial Maximum. These results contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of green turtle populations at a protected area by providing knowledge on the dispersion patterns and reinforcing the importance of the interconnectivity between nesting and foraging populations.
Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non‐detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non‐governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer‐reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non‐detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio‐temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large‐scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data.
The green turtle Chelonia mydas undertakes wide-ranging migrations between feeding and nesting sites, resulting in mixing and isolation of genetic stocks. We used mtDNA control region to characterize the genetic composition, population structure, and natal origins of C. mydas in the West Atlantic Ocean, at one feeding ground (State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), and three Caribbean nesting grounds (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, and Suriname). The feeding ground presented considerable frequency of common haplotypes from the South Atlantic, whereas the nesting sites presented a major contribution of the most common haplotype from the Caribbean. MSA revealed multiple origins of individuals at the feeding ground, notably from Ascension Island, Guinea Bissau, and French Guiana. This study enables a better understanding of the dispersion patterns and highlights the importance of connecting both nesting and feeding areas. Effective conservation initiatives need to encompass these ecologically and geographically distinct sites as well as those corridors connecting them.
Small mammals seem to be affected by edge effects, hence understanding the local dynamics of these populations is important to assess the risks to which they are exposed. The objective of this study was to compare population size, sex ratio and home range size of the rodent Akodon montensis (Cricetidae) between the edge and interior of an Atlantic Forest fragment in the dry (June-August) and rainy (December-February) seasons. The population was sampled using capture-mark-recapture methods and a spool-and-line device was used to map the movements. The population size was significantly higher in the rainy season relative to the dry season, and this pattern can be related to the higher food availability in this period, as observed in other studies. However, there was no difference in the number of individuals captured in the edge and interior. The home range size showed no significant differences between edge and interior and between males and females, although, in a general way, the females showed a greater home range size related to the males. The absence of differences between edge and interior could result from the small size of the remnants and extrapolation of edge conditions to the interior.
Whatever you do, enjoy yourself". Ouvi esta frase no começo de 2013 em Baltimore, no simpósio internacional de tartarugas marinhas. A palestra explorava as conexões entre as pessoas e o amor pelo que se faz, imprescindíveis em um campo de estudo multidisciplinar cada vez mais exigente: a conservação. Agradeço as conexões que me trouxeram até aqui, a experiência, a oportunidade de viver o novo, de novo, quantas vezes forem necessárias. À professora Lurdes Toledo, por ter me aceitado em seu laboratório, por sua confiança em mim e por sempre me incentivar, com tanta gentileza. Muito obrigada! Aos amigos que fiz no laboratório de peixes, onde aprendi tanta coisa: Mari, Rivi, Anita, Ricardo, Rodrigo, Carlos, Fê, Carol; foi um prazer ter convivido com vocês, cada um à sua maneira. Mari, fazer PCRs em sua companhia significava uma tarde de boa conversa. Rivi, impossível ficar séria ao seu lado! Obrigada pelas sugestões que oferecia com tanto bom humor. Fê, sou muito grata à confiança e grande ajuda nos meus primeiros passos na pós-graduação. Seus ensinamentos foram fundamentais neste processo. Rodrigo e suas aventuras no laboratório, sempre motivo de muitas risadas! Carlos, obrigada pela ajuda em todos os momentos, nas coletas, no dia-a-dia, por ter sempre um sorriso no rosto e por torcer sinceramente por cada um de nós. Não é à toa que gostamos tanto de você! Carol, obrigada pela amizade, passeios, as coletas de que pude participar, almoços, cervejinhas, nossas longas conversas no laboratório. É muito bom saber que nossa amizade ultrapassou os limites do laboratório. Aos amigos que fiz no departamento de genética: Ju, Rê, Lê, Lili, Danilo e Adam; obrigada pelo apoio no exame de ingresso, disciplinas, qualificação, projetos e conversas. Esta dissertação tem um pouquinho de vocês em suas páginas. À Ana Cris Bondioli, que também aceitou o desafio de me orientar, sabendo que eu não tinha experiência prévia com genética nem com animais marinhos, mas que acreditou em mim. E acreditou tanto que com sua ajuda ampliei minhas perspectivas profissionais e pessoais; não tenho palavras para agradecer nossas conversas sobre biologia, viagens, culinária, arte, música, planos futuros, o seu cuidado e amizade! Além disso, ganhei mais duas companhias, Jeff Collacico e Juju, e vocês se tornaram minha segunda família em São Paulo. Ao Benoit de Thoisy, pela orientação e por ter me recebido tão bem na Guiana Francesa. Lá eu tive a oportunidade de trabalhar dentro do Instituto Pasteur, viajar por praticamente toda a costa do país, conhecer a floresta amazônica, cruzar rios, presenciar a desova da tartaruga-verde de madrugada, dormir em uma tribo indígena, receber um jantar incrível de despedida, arriscar no francês e vivenciar uma cultura tão diferente e rica. Que sorte a minha! À Katia Slama, por sua amizade, pelos nossos almoços aos domingos, vinhos, trilhas, praias, músicas, conversas; sua companhia fez minha estadia tão agradável! À Eugenia Naro-Maciel, por ter me indicado para a experiência na Guiana Francesa; também à Gisele Lobo Hajdu...
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